Shuaimei Lian, Pingping Liu, Wenling Liao^*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.5, pp. 1395-1415, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.069454 - 31 October 2025

Abstract In this work, numerical simulations are performed to investigate the influence of combining ribs and triangular cavities on the thermal-hydraulic performance (THP) of MCHS at fluid velocities ranging from 1 to 4 m/s (corresponding to Reynolds numbers (Re) of 129.75 to 519). Specifically, the ribs are positioned on the bottom wall, and the rib width is equal to the mini-channel width, while the triangular cavities are arranged on the two side walls of the MCHS. By analyzing and comparing key parameters such as velocity distribution, streamline patterns, pressure drop, skin friction coefficient (C_f), Nusselt number (Nu), friction… More >

J. Luis Luviano-Ortiz, Julio Cesar Rodriguez-Mosqueda, Salvador Botello-Aceves, Yanan Camaraza-Medina^*, Abel Hernandez-Guerrero

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1165-1183, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067466 - 29 August 2025

Abstract This work presents a simulation analysis using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for the thermo-hydraulic behavior of staggered heat sinks whose fins have NACA 0040 airfoil profile. The results were compared with a conventional pin fin heat sink with a circular profile. This study searched for the best thermo-hydraulic performance by translational and rotational positioning of the fins. It is worth mentioning that this work was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the thermo-hydraulic behavior of the heat sink was studied moving the location of the upper array above the X-axis from −2.25 to… More >

Ying Zhang^1,2, Chao Dang^1,2,*, Zhiqiang Zhang^1,2

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1215-1242, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067373 - 29 August 2025

Abstract In this study, the flow boiling characteristics of R1234yf in parallel microchannels were experimentally investigated. The experiments were conducted with heat flux from 0 to 550 kW/m², mass flux of 434, 727, and 1015 kg/(m² s), saturation temperatures of 293, 298, and 303 K, and inlet sub-cooling of 5, 10, and 15 K. The analysis of the experimental results provides the following conclusions: a reduced mass flux and lower subcooling correspond to a diminished degree of superheat at the boiling inception wall; conversely, an elevated saturation temperature results in a reduced amount of superheat at the… More >

Zerui Chen^*, Xin Wu, Houpeng Hu, Yang Zhou, Shang Yang

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 991-1011, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.065936 - 30 June 2025

Abstract As the integration of electronic components in high-performance servers increases, heat generation significantly impacts performance and raises failure rates. Therefore, heat dissipation has become a critical concern in electronic circuit design. This study uses numerical simulations to investigate the heat dissipation characteristics of electronic components in air-cooled servers. By adjusting airflow speed, heat sink configurations, and the arrangement of straight-fin heat sinks, we optimize heat dissipation performance and analyze the mechanisms at different airflow speeds. The results show that, at the same airflow speed, the temperature of the heat sink is lower than that of… More >

Yiming Rongyang¹, Zhenyue Yu¹, Ruisheng Liang^2,*, Wei Su¹, Jianjian Wei^2,3

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 279-298, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.059637 - 26 February 2025

Abstract Data center cooling systems are substantial energy consumers, and managing the heat generated by electronic devices is becoming more complex as chip power levels continue to rise. The single-phase immersion cooling (SPIC) server with oil coolant is numerically investigated using the validated Re-Normalization Group (RNG) k-ε model. For the investigated scenarios where coolant velocity at the tank inlet is 0.004 m/s and the total power is 740 W, the heat transfer between the heat sinks and the coolant is dominated by natural convection, although forced convection mediates the overall heat transfer inside the tank. The maximum… More >

L. S. Sundar^*, Sérgio M. O. Tavares, António M. B. Pereira, Antonio C. M. Sousa

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 131-162, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.055854 - 26 February 2025

Abstract The experimental analysis takes too much time-consuming process and requires considerable effort, while, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms are simple, affordable, and fast, and they allow us to make a relevant analysis in establishing an appropriate relationship between the input and output parameters. This paper deals with the use of back-propagation ANN algorithms for the experimental data of heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and friction factor of water-based Fe₃O₄-TiO₂ magnetic hybrid nanofluids in a mini heat sink under magnetic fields. The data considered for the ANN network is at different Reynolds numbers (239 to 1874),… More >

Heng Zhao¹, Honghua Ma², Hui Liu¹, Xiang Yan¹, Huaqing Yu¹, Yongjun Xiao¹, Xiao Xiao^3,*

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 87-105, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.056577 - 24 January 2025

Abstract The behavior of single-phase flow and conjugate heat transfer in micro-channel heat sinks (MCHS) subjected to a uniform heat flux is investigated by means of numerical simulations. Various geometrical configurations are examined, particularly, the combinations of rectangular solid and perforated blocks, used to create a disturbance in the flow. The analysis focuses on several key aspects and related metrics, including the temperature distribution, the mean Fanning friction factor, the pressure drop, the Nusselt number, and the overall heat transfer coefficient across a range of Reynolds numbers (80–870). It is shown that the introduction of such More >

Ahmed Dhafer Abdulsahib^1,*, Dhirgham Alkhafaji¹, Ibrahim M. Albayati²

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.6, pp. 1777-1804, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.057209 - 19 December 2024

Abstract The current study generally aims to improve heat transfer in heat sinks by presenting a numerical analysis of natural convection of an enclosure with hot right and cool left walls, and thermally insulated top and bottom walls. The cold wall included configurations (half circle/half square) in various sizes (S = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3), numbers (N = 1, 2, 3, and 4), and locations (C = 0.35, and 0.65). A heat sink is constructed of Aluminum attached to the hot wall, and composed of five fins with protrusions. Fins of the heat sink will be… More > Graphic Abstract

Vikas Gulia, Anirban Sur^*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.18, pp. 1-10, 2022, DOI:10.5098/hmt.18.40

Abstract Over the past few decades, the world is moving towards miniature products owing to the technological developments in variegated industrial domains such as aerospace, biomedical, electronics, etc. This has led to the exponential growth of efficient micro cooling systems which are light in weight and have effective thermal performance. Microchannel Heat Sinks and Microchannel Heat Exchangers are the widely adopted solutions for such efficient micro cooling systems. This paper comprehensively reviews the recent developments in the field of Microchannel Heat Sinks and Microchannel Heat Exchangers. Initially, the concept of microchannel cooling is discussed. Further, a More >

Yu.E. Nikolaenko^a , D.V. Pekur^b,*, V.Yu. Кravets^a, V.M. Sorokin^b, D.V. Kozaka , R.S. Melnyk^a, L.V. Lipnitskyi^a, A.S. Solomakha^a

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.18, pp. 1-13, 2022, DOI:10.5098/hmt.18.23

Abstract This study compares thermal characteristics of two design versions of a new low-cost air-cooling system with a standard heat sink profile and built-in flat heat pipes of a simple design with a similar cooling system design without the heat pipes. The aim of the work is to determining the thermal characteristics and choosing the most effective option in a practical context. Using computer simulation in the Solidworks Flow Simulation standard software package allowed determining how the temperature of 8 transistors with a total power of 224 W was affected by changes in air velocity from… More >