Xinyue Dong¹, Wei Zhao¹, Jingying Wang^1,2,*, Shiyue Zhang¹, Yue Zhou³, Xinglian Yang¹, Chunhian Lee^1,3

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.076238 - 06 February 2026

Abstract For hypersonic air-breathing vehicles, the V-shaped leading edges (VSLEs) of supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) inlets experience complex shock interactions and intense aerodynamic loads. This paper provides a comprehensive review of flow characteristics at the crotch of VSLEs, with particular focus on the transition of shock interaction types and the variation of wall heat flux under different freestream Mach numbers and geometric configurations. The mechanisms governing shock transition, unsteady oscillations, hysteresis, and three-dimensional effects in VSLE flows are first examined. Subsequently, thermal protection strategies aimed at mitigating extreme heating loads are reviewed, emphasizing their relevance to More >

Firas Mahmood Younis^1,*, Omar Mohammad Hamdoon², Ayad Younis Abdulla¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073483 - 27 January 2026

Abstract This paper presents an experimental analysis of a solar-assisted powered underfloor heating system, designed primarily to boost energy efficiency and achieve reliable desired steady-state temperature in buildings. We thoroughly tested the system’s thermal and operational features by subjecting it to three distinct scenarios that mimicked diverse solar irradiance and environmental conditions. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between variations in solar input and overall system performance. The Solar Fraction (SF), our key energy efficiency metric, varied significantly across the cases, ranging from 63.1% up to 88.7%. This high reliance on renewables resulted in a substantial… More >

Cheng Yang^*, Hanjie Qi, Qing Yin

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070957 - 27 January 2026

Abstract In order to enhance the off-peak performance of gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) units, a novel collaborative power generation system (CPG) was proposed. During off-peak operation periods, the remaining power of the GTCC was used to drive the adiabatic compressed air energy storage (ACAES), while the intake air of the GTCC was heated by the compression heat of the ACAES. Based on a 67.3 MW GTCC, under specific demand load distribution, a CPG system and a benchmark system (BS) were designed, both of which used 9.388% of the GTCC output power to drive the ACAES.… More >

Mehran Karimi¹, Hesamodin Heidarigoujani¹, Mehdi Jahangiri^1,*, Milad Torabi Anaraki², Daryosh Mohamadi Janaki³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070190 - 27 January 2026

Abstract The technical, economic, and environmental performance of solar hot-water (SWH) systems for Swedish residential apartments—where approximately 80% of household energy is devoted to space heating and sanitary hot-water production—was assessed. Two collector types, flat plate (FP) and evacuated tube (ET), were simulated in TSOL Pro 5.5 for five major cities (Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö, Uppsala, Linköping). Climatic data and cold-water temperatures were sourced from Meteonorm 7.1, and economic parameters were derived from recent national statistics and literature. All calculations explicitly accounted for heat losses from collectors, storage tanks, and internal and external piping systems, and established… More >

Sarina Sulaiman^*, Muhammad Faris

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0105 - 23 January 2026

Abstract In this study, Palm kernel shell (PKS) is utilized as a raw material to produce activated biochar as adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater, specifically methylene blue (MB) dye, by utilizing a simplified and cost-effective approach. Production of activated biochar was carried out using both a furnace and a domestic microwave oven without an inert atmosphere. Three samples of palm kernel shell (PKS) based activated biochar labeled as samples A, B and C were carbonized inside the furnace at 800°C for 1 h and then activated using the microwave-heating technique with varying heating times (0,… More >

Dao Phuc Minh Huy¹, Gia Nhu Nguyen¹, Dac-Nhuong Le^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070948 - 12 January 2026

Abstract Online examinations have become a dominant assessment mode, increasing concerns over academic integrity. To address the critical challenge of detecting cheating behaviours, this study proposes a hybrid deep learning approach that combines visual detection and temporal behaviour classification. The methodology utilises object detection models—You Only Look Once (YOLOv12), Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN), and Single Shot Detector (SSD) MobileNet—integrated with classification models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU), and CNN-LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory). Two distinct datasets were used: the Online Exam Proctoring (EOP) dataset from Michigan State University and… More >

Jingshuai Pang^1,2, Songcen Wang¹, Hongyin Chen^1,2,*, Xiaoqiang Jia¹, Yi Guo¹, Ling Cheng¹, Xinhe Zhang¹, Jianfeng Li¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.070256 - 27 December 2025

Abstract To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a low-carbon society, this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response. Firstly, a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity. The alternative DR enables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources, while the price DR relies on time-of-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration; Secondly, the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal… More >

Liangjian Lei^1,2, Yihang Lu^1,2,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 2109-2126, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.072643 - 31 December 2025

Abstract Internal thermal mass, such as furniture and partitions, plays a crucial role in enhancing building energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort by passively regulating temperature fluctuations. However, the irregular geometry of these elements poses a significant challenge for accurate modeling in building energy simulations. This study addresses this gap by developing a rigorous analytical model that idealizes internal thermal mass as a sphere, thereby capturing multi-directional heat conduction effects that are neglected in simpler one-dimensional slab models. The transient heat conduction within the sphere is solved analytically using Duhamel’s theorem for three representative indoor air… More >

Rafah H. Zaidan^*, Najim A. Jasim

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.5, pp. 1595-1620, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.068205 - 31 October 2025

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation of radiant floor heating (RFH) systems integrated with phase change material (PCM)-based thermal energy storage (TES). The study compares two underfloor pipe configurations: double serpentine and spiral. It also looks at how well a paraffin wax PCM system works with compact heat exchanger-type TES units during winter in Iraq. Key performance indicators including discharge temperature, heat transfer rate, liquid fraction evolution, and temperature uniformity were assessed through in situ experimental measurements and ANSYS fluent simulations. Results demonstrate that the spiral design provides slightly more uniform temperature distribution… More >

Siham Essahraui¹, Ismail Lamaakal¹, Yassine Maleh^2,*, Khalid El Makkaoui¹, Mouncef Filali Bouami¹, Ibrahim Ouahbi¹, May Almousa³, Ali Abdullah S. AlQahtani⁴, Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif^5,6

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3151-3183, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067359 - 23 September 2025

Abstract The rapid shift to online education has introduced significant challenges to maintaining academic integrity in remote assessments, as traditional proctoring methods fall short in preventing cheating. The increase in cheating during online exams highlights the need for efficient, adaptable detection models to uphold academic credibility. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of various deep learning models for cheating detection in online proctoring systems, evaluating their accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability. We benchmark several advanced architectures, including EfficientNet, MobileNetV2, ResNet variants and more, using two specialized datasets (OEP and OP) tailored for online proctoring contexts. Our findings More >