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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The role of cholesterol metabolism in lung cancer

    WEIGANG XIU1,#, XINGYU LIU1,2,#, KAIXIN HU1,2, QIN ZHANG3,*, HUASHAN SHI4,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.10, pp. 1613-1621, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.047933 - 18 September 2024

    Abstract Elevated serum cholesterol metabolism is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer. Disrupted cholesterol metabolism is evident in both lung cancer patients and tumor cells. Inhibiting tumor cell cholesterol uptake or biosynthesis pathways, through the modulation of receptors and enzymes such as liver X receptor and sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2, effectively restrains lung tumor growth. Similarly, promoting cholesterol excretion yields comparable effects. Cholesterol metabolites, including oxysterols and isoprenoids, play a crucial role in regulating cholesterol metabolism within tumor cells, consequently impacting cancer progression. In lung cancer patients, both the cholesterol levels in the… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    mRNA vaccines: a new era in vaccine development

    SHUBHRA CHANDRA1,2, JENNIFER C. WILSON1,2, DAVID GOOD3, MING Q. WEI1,2,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.10, pp. 1543-1564, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.043987 - 18 September 2024

    Abstract The advent of RNA therapy, particularly through the development of mRNA cancer vaccines, has ushered in a new era in the field of oncology. This article provides a concise overview of the key principles, recent advancements, and potential implications of mRNA cancer vaccines as a groundbreaking modality in cancer treatment. mRNA cancer vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to combatting cancer by leveraging the body’s innate immune system. These vaccines are designed to deliver specific mRNA sequences encoding cancer-associated antigens, prompting the immune system to recognize and mount a targeted response against malignant cells. This personalized… More > Graphic Abstract

    mRNA vaccines: a new era in vaccine development

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    RNF26 up-regulates PD-L1 to regulate the cancer immune response in ccRCC

    WEIGANG REN1,#, JING LI2,#, RUIJIANG ZENG3,4, LIANG ZHU3,4,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.9, pp. 1323-1330, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.051747 - 04 September 2024

    Abstract Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) stands as the most prevalent form of kidney cancer, accounting for a significant proportion of malignancies affecting the kidneys. ccRCC is well known as a type of tumour with immunogenicity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) aim to enhance the anticancer immune response in ccRCC by blocking programmed cell death 1 ligand 1/programmed death 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) pathways. In a previous study, we showed that RING finger protein 26 (RNF26) degrades chromobox 7 (CBX7) to activate the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in ccRCC. Methods: We analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)… More > Graphic Abstract

    RNF26 up-regulates PD-L1 to regulate the cancer immune response in ccRCC

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Single-cell transcriptomics reveals T-cell heterogeneity and immunomodulatory role of CD4+ T native cells in Candida albicans infection

    KERAN JIA1, YANHAO ZHANG1, MENGYU JIANG2, MENGGE CUI2, JIA WANG2, JIAJIA ZHANG2, HUIHAI ZHAO2, MENGYAN LI2, HUA WANG2, QUANMING ZOU1,#,*, HAO ZENG1,#,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.9, pp. 1355-1368, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.051383 - 04 September 2024

    Abstract Objective: Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen that triggers complex host defense mechanisms, including coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses, to neutralize invading fungi effectively. Exploring the immune microenvironment has the potential to inform the development of therapeutic strategies for fungal infections. Methods: The study analyzed individual immune cell profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Candida albicans-infected mice and healthy control mice using single-cell transcriptomics, fluorescence quantitative PCR, and Western blotting. We investigated intergroup differences in the dynamics of immune cell subpopulation infiltration, pathway enrichment, and differentiation during Candida albicans infection. Results: Our findings indicate that infiltration… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    NCAPD2 serves as a potential prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma and promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle in vitro

    PEILING WU#, LIFANG ZHAO#, HONGYAN ZHANG, YUEYAN LOU, DONGFANG CHEN, SHAN XUE, XUEQING LIU*, HANDONG JIANG*

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.9, pp. 1439-1452, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.047490 - 23 August 2024

    Abstract Objectives: The pro-oncogenic effects of NCAPD2 have been extensively studied across various tumor types; however, its precise role within the context of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the biological functions of NCAPD2 in LUAD and unravel the underlying mechanistic pathways. Methods: Utilizing bioinformatics methodologies, we explored the differential expression of NCAPD2 between normal and tumor samples, along with its correlations with clinical-pathological characteristics, survival prognosis, and immune infiltration. Results: In the TCGA-LUAD dataset, tumor samples demonstrated significantly elevated levels of NCAPD2 expression compared to normal samples (p < 0.001). Clinically, higher… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Identification of TMEM159 as a biomarker of glioblastoma progression based on immune characteristics

    JI SHI1,2, YE ZHANG2, YI CHEN2, TANGJUN GUO3,*, HAOZHE PIAO2,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.8, pp. 1241-1263, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.051049 - 02 August 2024

    Abstract Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most general malignancy of the primary central nervous system that is characterized by high aggressiveness and lethality. Transmembrane protein 159 (TMEM159) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that can form oligomers with seipin. The TMEM159-seipin complex decides the site of lipid droplet (LD) formation, and the formation of LDs is a marker of GBM. However, the role of TMEM159 in the progression of GBM has not been investigated to date. Methods: In this study, we examined the genes that may be associated with patient prognosis in GBM by bioinformatics analyses,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The lactylation index predicts the immune microenvironment and prognosis of pan-cancer patients

    XUEJIA ZHAI1,2,3,4,#, JIE LIU2,3,4,#, JINWEI XIAO2,3,4, TAO ZHANG2,3,4, JUN WANG2,3,4,5, JIANJUN LI1,*, SHICANG YU2,3,4,5,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.8, pp. 1223-1239, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.050803 - 02 August 2024

    Abstract Background: Protein lactylation is a new way for the “metabolic waste” lactic acid to perform novel functions. Nevertheless, our understanding of the contribution of protein lactylation to both tumor progression and therapeutic interventions remains imited. The construction of a scoring system for lactylation to predict the prognosis of pan-cancer patients and to evaluate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) would improve our understanding of the clinical significance of lactylation. Methods: Consensus clustering analysis of lactylation-related genes was used to cluster 177 pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) patients. Subsequently, a scoring system was developed using the least absolute shrinkage… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Biological characteristics and clinical management of uveal and conjunctival melanoma

    SNJEŽANA KAŠTELAN1,2, ANA DIDOVIĆ PAVIČIĆ3, DARIA PAŠALIĆ4, TAMARA NIKUŠEVA-MARTIĆ5, SAMIR ČANOVIĆ3,7, PETRA KOVAČEVIĆ1,6,*, SUZANA KONJEVODA3,7

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.8, pp. 1265-1285, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.048437 - 17 July 2024

    Abstract Uveal and conjunctival melanomas are relatively rare tumors; nonetheless, they pose a significant risk of mortality for a large number of affected individuals. The pathogenesis of melanoma at different sites is very similar, however, the prognosis for patients with ocular melanoma remains unfavourable, primarily due to its distinctive genetic profile and tumor microenvironment. Regardless of considerable advances in understanding the genetic characteristics and biological behaviour, the treatment of uveal and conjunctival melanoma remains a formidable challenge. To enhance the prospect of success, collaborative efforts involving medical professionals and researchers in the fields of ocular biology… More > Graphic Abstract

    Biological characteristics and clinical management of uveal and conjunctival melanoma

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Immune-Inspired Approach with Interval Allocation in Solving Multimodal Multi-Objective Optimization Problems with Local Pareto Sets

    Weiwei Zhang1, Jiaqiang Li1, Chao Wang2, Meng Li3, Zhi Rao4,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 4237-4257, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.050430 - 20 June 2024

    Abstract In practical engineering, multi-objective optimization often encounters situations where multiple Pareto sets (PS) in the decision space correspond to the same Pareto front (PF) in the objective space, known as Multi-Modal Multi-Objective Optimization Problems (MMOP). Locating multiple equivalent global PSs poses a significant challenge in real-world applications, especially considering the existence of local PSs. Effectively identifying and locating both global and local PSs is a major challenge. To tackle this issue, we introduce an immune-inspired reproduction strategy designed to produce more offspring in less crowded, promising regions and regulate the number of offspring in areas… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    PHLDA2 reshapes the immune microenvironment and induces drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma

    KUN FENG1,#, HAO PENG2,#, QINGPENG LV1, YEWEI ZHANG1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.6, pp. 1063-1078, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.047078 - 23 May 2024

    Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy known for its unfavorable prognosis. The dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can affect the sensitivity to immunotherapy or chemotherapy, leading to treatment failure. The elucidation of PHLDA2’s involvement in HCC is imperative, and the clinical value of PHLDA2 is also underestimated. Here, bioinformatics analysis was performed in multiple cohorts to explore the phenotype and mechanism through which PHLDA2 may affect the progression of HCC. Then, the expression and function of PHLDA2 were examined via the qRT-PCR, Western Blot, and MTT assays. Our findings indicate a substantial upregulation of… More >

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