Baiyue Song¹, Chenxi Zhang², Wei Zhang^2,*, Leiyu Wan²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4919-4945, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068971 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Hydrogen energy is a crucial support for China’s low-carbon energy transition. With the large-scale integration of renewable energy, the combination of hydrogen and integrated energy systems has become one of the most promising directions of development. This paper proposes an optimized scheduling model for a hydrogen-coupled electro-heat-gas integrated energy system (HCEHG-IES) using generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL). The model aims to enhance renewable-energy absorption, reduce carbon emissions, and improve grid-regulation flexibility. First, the optimal scheduling problem of HCEHG-IES under uncertainty is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). To overcome the limitations of conventional deep… More >

Yukun Yang^*, Jun He, Wenfeng Chen, Zhi Li, Kun Chen

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4653-4678, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068199 - 27 October 2025

Abstract To address the issues of unclear carbon responsibility attribution, insufficient renewable energy absorption, and simplistic carbon trading mechanisms in integrated energy systems, this paper proposes an electric-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system (EHH-IES) optimal scheduling model considering carbon emission stream (CES) and wind-solar accommodation. First, the CES theory is introduced to quantify the carbon emission intensity of each energy conversion device and transmission branch by defining carbon emission rate, branch carbon intensity, and node carbon potential, realizing accurate tracking of carbon flow in the process of multi-energy coupling. Second, a stepped carbon pricing mechanism is established to… More >

Cheng Peng^1,*, Hao Qi²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4579-4602, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067704 - 27 October 2025

Abstract Integrated energy systems (IES) are widely regarded as a key enabler of carbon neutrality, enabling the coordinated use of electricity, heat, and gas to support large-scale renewable integration. Yet their practical deployment still faces major challenges, including rigid thermoelectric coupling, insufficient operational flexibility, and fragmented carbon and certificate market mechanisms. To address these issues, this study proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch model for integrated energy systems (IES) that reduces emissions and costs while improving renewable energy utilization. A coordinated framework integrating carbon capture, utilization, and storage, two-stage power-to-gas, combined heat and power, and ground-source heat… More > Graphic Abstract

Aidong Zeng^1,2,*, Zirui Wang¹, Jiawei Wang ³, Sipeng Hao^1,2, Mingshen Wang⁴

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.9, pp. 3793-3816, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069410 - 26 August 2025

Abstract With the intensification of the energy crisis and the worsening greenhouse effect, the development of sustainable integrated energy systems (IES) has become a crucial direction for energy transition. In this context, this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy under the green hydrogen certificate trading (GHCT) and the ladder-type carbon emission trading (CET) mechanism, enabling the coordinated utilization of green and blue hydrogen. Specifically, a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEME) model that accounts for dynamic efficiency characteristics, and a steam methane reforming (SMR) model incorporating waste heat recovery, are developed. Based on these models, a… More > Graphic Abstract

Xin Zhang^1,*, Shixing Zhang¹, Lina Chen², Jihong Zhang¹, Peihong Yang¹, Zilei Zhang¹, Xiaoming Zhang¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.9, pp. 3647-3679, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067035 - 26 August 2025

Abstract A park hydrogen-doped integrated energy system (PHIES) can maximize energy utilization as a system with multiple supplies. To realize win-win cooperation between the PHIES and active distribution network (ADN), the cooperative operation problem of multi-PHIES connected to the same ADN is studied. A low-carbon hybrid game coordination strategy for multi-PHIES accessing ADN based on dynamic carbon base price is proposed in the paper. Firstly, multi-PHIES are constructed to form a PHIES alliance, including a hydrogen-doped gas turbine (HGT), hydrogen-doped gas boiler (HGB), power to gas and carbon capture system (P2G-CCS), and other equipment. Secondly, a… More > Graphic Abstract

Yanjie Liu, Ximin Cao^*, Yanchi Zhang

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.8, pp. 3377-3398, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.066577 - 24 July 2025

Abstract Under the “dual carbon” goals, this paper constructs an optimization model of the comprehensive energy system in the park. A stepwise carbon excess rate mechanism and an electric vehicle coupling strategy are proposed: A carbon quota trading system is established based on the baseline method, and the stepwise function is adopted to quantify the cost of excess carbon emissions; Introduce the price demand response and the two-way interaction mechanism of electric Vehicle vehicle-to-grid (V2G) to enhance the flexible regulation ability. Aiming at the uncertainty of wind and solar output, a typical scene set is generated… More >

Yunfei Xu¹, Jianfeng Liu^1,*, Tianxing Sun¹, Heran Kang¹, Xiaoqing Hao²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.8, pp. 3155-3176, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.065753 - 24 July 2025

Abstract In order to promote the utilization level of new energy resources for local and efficient consumption, this paper introduces the biogas (BG) fermentation technology into the integrated energy system (IES). This initiative is to study the collaborative and optimal scheduling of IES with wind power (WP), photovoltaic (PV), and BG, while integrating carbon capture system (CCS) and power-to-gas (P2G) system. Firstly, the framework of collaborative operation of IES for BG-CCS-P2G is constructed. Secondly, the flexible scheduling resources of the source and load sides are fully exploited, and the collaborative operation mode of CCS-P2G is proposed… More >

Yunfeng Liu, Ximin Cao^*, Yanchi Zhang

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.7, pp. 2865-2890, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.065419 - 27 June 2025

Abstract Against the backdrop of China’s “dual-carbon” target, clean energy generation currently accounts for about 3.8 trillion kilowatt-hours, or 39.7 percent of total power generation, establishing a reasonable market trading mechanism while enhancing the low-carbon economic benefits of the integrated energy system (IES) and optimizing the interests of various entities within the distribution system has become a significant challenge. Consequently, this paper proposes an optimization strategy for a low-carbon economy within a multi-agent IES that considers carbon capture systems (CCS) and power-to-gas (P2G). In this framework, the integrated energy system operator (IESO) acts as the primary… More >

Zhiyuan Zhang¹, Yongjun Wu¹, Xiqin Li¹, Minghui Song¹, Guangwu Zhang², Ziren Wang^3,*, Wei Li³

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.5, pp. 1919-1948, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.063178 - 25 April 2025

Abstract The park-level integrated energy system (PIES) is essential for achieving carbon neutrality by managing multi-energy supply and demand while enhancing renewable energy integration. However, current carbon trading mechanisms lack sufficient incentives for emission reductions, and traditional optimization algorithms often face challenges with convergence and local optima in complex PIES scheduling. To address these issues, this paper introduces a low-carbon dispatch strategy that combines a reward-penalty tiered carbon trading model with P2G-CCS integration, hydrogen utilization, and the Secretary Bird Optimization Algorithm (SBOA). Key innovations include: (1) A dynamic reward-penalty carbon trading mechanism with coefficients (μ = 0.2,… More >

Zhihui Feng¹, Jun Zhang¹, Jun Lu¹, Zhongdan Zhang¹, Wangwang Bai¹, Long Ma¹, Haonan Lu², Jie Lin^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1531-1560, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.060795 - 31 March 2025

Abstract In the background of the low-carbon transformation of the energy structure, the problem of operational uncertainty caused by the high proportion of renewable energy sources and diverse loads in the integrated energy systems (IES) is becoming increasingly obvious. In this case, to promote the low-carbon operation of IES and renewable energy consumption, and to improve the IES anti-interference ability, this paper proposes an IES scheduling strategy that considers CCS-P2G and concentrating solar power (CSP) station. Firstly, CSP station, gas hydrogen doping mode and variable hydrogen doping ratio mode are applied to IES, and combined with… More >