Pattaranun Thuadaij, Bualoy Chanpaka^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 753-772, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.057590 - 21 April 2025

Abstract Natural rubber (NR) foams are widely used. However, further studies are required for preparing eco-friendly NR foam and determining the optimum physical properties appropriate for application. This study aims to create an NR foam from rubber reinforced with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and sodium alginate. The results showed that the SCBA was primarily composed of silica or silicon dioxide (87.52% by weight) and carbon (11.41% by weight). This study investigated the influence of the amount of sodium alginate (0–5 phr) used in the NR foam formation. The addition of SCBA on the NR foam affected More > Graphic Abstract

Pollawat Charoeythornkhajhornchai, Piyamas Saehia, Thidaporn Butchan, Nawapol Lertumpai, Worawut Muangrat^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 817-827, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0017 - 21 April 2025

Abstract Herein, cure characteristics, morphology, and mechanical properties of natural rubber filled with activated carbon-based materials were investigated. Carbon-based materials were prepared from bagasse, coffee grounds and pineapple crowns by the pyrolysis method at temperatures in the range of 300°C. As-synthesized carbon materials were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze size distribution, morphology, and functional groups, respectively. OM and SEM analysis revealed that particles, flakes, and a small quantity of fiber-like carbon were obtained using bagasse and pineapple crown as raw materials, while honeycomb-like carbon materials… More > Graphic Abstract

Mohamad Firdaus Omar¹, Fathilah Ali^1,*, Mohammed Saedi Jami¹, Azlin Suhaida Azmi¹, Farah Ahmad¹, Mohd Zahid Marzuki², Shantha Kumari Muniyandi³, Zuraidah Zainudin⁴, Minsoo P. Kim⁵

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.3, pp. 497-538, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.057248 - 20 March 2025

Abstract This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural rubber (NR) composites, focusing on their properties, compounding aspects, and renewable practices involving natural fibre reinforcement. The properties of NR are influenced by the compounding process, which incorporates ingredients such as elastomers, vulcanizing agents, accelerators, activators, and fillers like carbon black and silica. While effective in enhancing properties, these fillers lack biodegradability, prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives. The potential of natural fibres as renewable reinforcements in NR composites is thoroughly covered in this review, highlighting both their advantages, such as improved sustainability, and the challenges they More > Graphic Abstract

Mohammed Albuaymi¹, Suleiman Abdulrahman^2,3, Fayez Alanazi⁴, Hani Alanazi^1,*, Musa Adamu^5,6

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2433-2451, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026751 - 13 February 2023

Abstract Pure bitumen is not suitable for heavy traffic loads; hence modifiers are used to improve the bitumen performance. Recently, cup lump rubber (CLR) has become a preferred modifier due to its outstanding performance and less cost. However, little is known about the interactions between CLR and bitumen. Thus, this study investigates the behavior of bitumen with CLR. Four percentages of CLR (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% by weight of bitumen) were used to modify conventional 60/70 penetration grade bitumen. The modified bitumen was evaluated through different laboratory testing such as dynamic shear rheometer, rotational viscosity,… More >

NURUL HAYATI YUSOF^1,*, DAZYLAH DARJI¹, TAN KIM SONG¹, NGHIEM THI THUONG²

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.39, No.1-2, pp. 151-166, 2022, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2022.39.1-2.10

Abstract In this work, a pure gum mould made of prevulcanized natural rubber/cloisite-Na⁺ nanocomposite (PVNR/CN) was prepared and characterized for ornament application. The suitable conditions to prepare PVNR/CN latex mixtures and the properties of the resulting PVNR/CN nanocomposites were investigated. The optimum CN concentration in the latex mixture was 1.0 phr, with the properties of 60 wt% total solid content, more than 600 sec mechanical stability time, lower than 350 cP Brookfield viscosity, and pH 10. The properties of PVNR/CN nanocomposite showed high strength, moderate hardness, and good thermal stability. The morphology by TEM showed well dispersion More >

O. S. Dahham¹, N. Z. Noriman^1,2,*, H. Jaya¹, R. Hamzah¹, M. U. Umar^2,3, I. Johari⁴

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.12, pp. 1633-1645, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.011377 - 12 November 2020

Abstract In this work, Epoxidized natural rubber/sawdust short fiber (ENR-50/ SD) composites at different fiber content (5, 10, 15 and 20 phr) and size (fine size at 60–100 μm and coarse size at 10–20 mm) were prepared using two-roll mill and electrical-hydraulic hot press machine respectively. Curing characteristics, water uptake, tensile, morphological, physical, and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. Results indicated that the scorch time and cure time became shorter whereas torque improved as SD content increase. Though the decline of tensile strength and elongation at break values, modulus, hardness and crosslinking density have More >

V. Subrahmanian^1,*, M. Albert Noble Einstien²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.2, pp. 171-192, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.00090

Abstract Nowadays an alternate source of filler from renewable and plant derivatives are being thought of in rubber industries due to their reliability, environmental and economic benefits. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) a byproduct of the rice milling industry is obtained on partial and as well as full combustion of the rice husks. This ash is a good source of silica, silicates and needle shaped carbon and hence can be used as filler for cements. In the present study, a detailed investigation was carried out to understand the RHA as reinforcing material using mechanical properties and fractography… More >

Marcin Masłowski*, Justyna Miedzianowska and Krzysztof Strzelec

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.7, pp. 746-754, 2018, DOI:10.32604/JRM.2018.00121

Abstract Novel elastomer biocomposites based on straw fibers (raw or chemically modified) as reinforcing elements of natural rubber (NR) were reported and studied. Oat straw fibres with different average lengths were used. Lignocellulose materials were incorporated into the elastomer, before and after chemical surface modification involving sodium hydroxide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microscopy techniques were employed for characterization of fillers. The kinetics of rubber mixtures, as well as rheometric properties of compounds were determined. The cross-linking density was executed on the basis of equilibrium solvent-swelling measurements applying the modified Flory–Rehner equation. The morphology of More >

Ewa Głowińska*, Janusz Datta, Paulina Parcheta and Natalia Kaźmierczak

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.7, pp. 680-687, 2018, DOI:10.32604/JRM.2018.00003

Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) as a natural filler on the curing characterization, morphology and mechanical, thermomechanical and thermal properties of natural rubber (NR) based composites. Spirulina was introduced into NR mixture in amount of 0 phr, 10 phr and 30 phr. The vulcanization process was carried out at the determined process condition by using hydraulic press at optimum vulcanization time (t90). It was noticed that Spirulina affected on the reduction of t90, and scorch time (t2) of the NR mixtures. Obtained vulcanizates were subjected to More >

Nikolay Dishovsky^1*, Petrunka Malinova¹, Ivan Uzunov²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.4, pp. 402-412, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634171

Abstract Natural products from agricultural wastes are finding importance in the polymer industry due to their many advantages such as being lightweight, low cost and environmentally friendly. In the present study the potential of the two types of rice husk ash (RHA) prepared under different conditions as fillers in natural rubber-based elastomer composites was investigated. The fillers were prepared by rice husks incineration and characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area, Hg-porosimetry and N2-adsorption. The evaluation involved determining the vulcanization characteristics… More >