Iskandar Waini^1,2, Anuar Ishak^2,*, Ioan Pop³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 3255-3269, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017643

Abstract This study examines the stagnation point flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet in a hybrid nanofluid with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The hybrid nanofluid consists of copper (Cu) and alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles which are added into water to form Cu-Al₂O₃/water hybrid nanofluid. The similarity equations are obtained using a similarity transformation. Then, the function bvp4c in MATLAB is utilised to obtain the numerical results. The dual solutions are found for limited values of the stretching/shrinking parameter. Also, the turning point arises in the shrinking region (λ < 0). Besides, the presence of hybrid nanoparticles enhances the heat transfer rate, skin friction coefficient, and… More >

Antonio Pizzi^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.8, pp. 1345-1364, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.015663

Abstract Collagen powder hydrolysates were reacted with a solution of commercial mimosa bark tannin extract. The mixture was prepared at ambient temperature and prepared at 80°C to determine what reactions, if any, did occur between the collagen protein through its amino acids and the polyphenolic condensed tannin. The reaction products obtained were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI ToF) mass spectrometry. Reactions between the two materials did appear to occur, with the formation of a relatively small proportion of covalent and ionic linkages at ambient temperature but a considerable proportion of covalent linkages tannin-protein amino acids and the… More >

Nikolajs Vedernikovs^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.6, pp. 661-674, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.09274

Abstract The main principles of the technological realisation of the furfural obtaining process have been formulated by Ricard [1]. Based on his recommendations, all investigators proceeded from the assumption that the depolymerisation of pentosans and the dehydration of pentoses in the one-step production of furfural from raw plant material must be accelerated with diluted catalyst solutions. According to this theory, uniform impregnation of the raw material with a catalyst solution is considered necessary. The reduction in the amount of the catalyst solution down to 30–40% of the mass of the dry raw material, suggested by Miner et al. [2], made the… More >

Ana Carolina Faraldo, Edy Lello

BIOCELL, Vol.27, No.2, pp. 197-203, 2003, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2003.27.197

Abstract The defense reactions against biological (Histoplasma capsulatum and Escherichia coli) and non-biological materials (China ink and nylon thread) were tested in vivo in third instar larvae of Dermatobia hominis. The cellular defense performed by larval hemocytes was observed under electron microscopy. China ink particles were phagocytosed by granular cells 5 h after injection. E. coli cells were internalized by granular cells as early as 5 min after injection and totally cleared 180 min post-injection, when many hemocytes appeared disintegrated and others in process of recovering. H. capsulatum yeasts provoked, 24 h after being injected, the beginning of nodule formation. Nylon… More >

Min Yue^1,1, Jeanne C. Stachowiak^1,1,2,2, Arunava Majumdar^1,1,3,3

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 211-220, 2004, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2004.001.211

Abstract Microchips;ontaining arrays of cantilever beams have been used to mechanically detect and quantitatively analyze multiple reactions of DNA hybridization and antigen-antibody binding simultaneously. The reaction-induced deflection of a cantilever beam reflects the interplay between strain energy increase of the beam and the free energy reduction of a reaction, providing an ideal tool for investigating the connection between mechanics and chemistry of biomolecular reactions. Since free energy reduction is common for all reactions, the cantilever array forms a universal platform for label-free detection of various specific biomolecular reactions. A few such reactions and their implications in biology and biotechnology are discussed. More >

Maha L. Shrestha^1,2,*, Mihail Ionescu¹, Xianmei Wan¹, Thomas Upshaw³

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.6, pp. 630-641, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2018.634106

Abstract Aromatic-aliphatic polyols were obtained previously from the thiol-ene reactions of propoxylated cardanol with hydroxyalkyl mercaptans; these aromatic-aliphatic polyols were then utilized in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with excellent properties. The current work describes a variant of cardanol polyol synthesis by thiol-ene reactions in three steps. The first step is propoxylation of cardanol by reacting cardanol with propylene oxide; the second step is mercaptanization of propoxylated cardanol by reacting double bonds with hydrogen sulfide; and the third step involves the addition of the thiol groups of mercaptanized propoxylated cardanol to the double bonds of allyl alcohol, glycerol-1-allyl ether, and… More >

Maha L. Shrestha^{1, 2,*}, Mihail Ionescu¹, Xianmei Wan¹, Zoran S. Petrović¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.5, pp. 504-516, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634187

Abstract Biobased aromatic-aliphatic polyols were previously synthesized from a thermal thiol-ene reaction of propoxylated cardanol with 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator. Cardanol used for this purpose was obtained as a dark-brown liquid (Gardner Color Reference ∼18). The photochemical thiol-ene reaction can also be used to prepare aromatic-aliphatic polyols by employing cardanol. Via the photochemical thiol-ene reaction, 2-mercaptoethanol was added successfully to C=C double bond of cardanol, suggesting that phenolic group may not play an inhibitory role in the radical thiol-ene reaction. However, we preferred to alkoxylate the phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol, which is… More >

F. J. Santiago-Medina¹, A. Pizzi^{1, 2*}, M. C. Basso¹, L. Delmotte³, S. Abdalla²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.5, No.5, pp. 388-399, 2017, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634142

Abstract The reaction of a desulphurized kraft lignin with hexamethylene diamine as a model of a polyamine has been investigated. For this purpose, guaiacol was also used as a lignin model compound and treated under similar conditions. Solid state CP-MAS 13C NMR, FTIR and MALDI-TOF spectroscopy studies revealed that polycondensation compounds leading to resins were obtained by the reaction of the amines with the phenolic and aliphatic hydroxy groups of lignin. Simultaneously a second reaction leading to the formation of ionic bonds between the same groups occurred. These new reactions have been clearly shown to involve several phenolic and alcohol hydroxyl… More >

A. Pereira¹, P.M.J. Trevelyan², U. Thiele³, S. Kalliadasis¹

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.3, No.4, pp. 303-316, 2007, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2007.003.303

Abstract We investigate the interaction between thin films and chemical reactions by using two prototype systems: a thin liquid film falling down a planar inclined substrate in the presence of an exothermic chemical reaction and a horizontal thin liquid film with a reactive mixture of insoluble surfactants on its surface. In the first case the chemical reaction has a stabilizing influence on the dynamics of the film and dampens the free-surface solitary pulses. In the second case the chemical reaction can destabilize the film and lead to the formation of free-surface solitary pulses. More >