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Search Results (18)
  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment and Saccharification of Paper Sludge as a Renewable Material for Cellulosic Fibers

    Samar El-Mekkawi1, Wafaa Abou-Elseoud2, Shaimaa Fadel2, Enas Hassan2, Mohammad Hassan2,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.9, pp. 1573-1591, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.053589 - 25 September 2024

    Abstract Recycling of paper sludge waste is crucial for establishing a sustainable green industry. This waste contains valuable sugars that can be converted into important chemicals such as ethanol, poly hydroxybutyrate, and lactic acid. However, the main challenge in obtaining sugars in high yield from paper sludge is the high crystallinity of cellulose, which hinders hydrolysis. To address this, pretreatment using phosphoric acid was optimized using response surface methodology to facilitate cellulose hydrolysis with minimal energy and chemicals. The created prediction model using the response surface method considered factors such as acid concentration (ranging from 60%… More > Graphic Abstract

    Phosphoric Acid Pretreatment and Saccharification of Paper Sludge as a Renewable Material for Cellulosic Fibers

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Slip Effects on Casson Nanofluid over a Stretching Sheet with Activation Energy: RSM Analysis

    Jawad Raza1, F. Mebarek-Oudina2,*, Haider Ali1, I. E. Sarris3

    Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.4, pp. 1017-1041, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.052749 - 30 August 2024

    Abstract The current study is dedicated to presenting the Casson nanofluid over a stretching surface with activation energy. In order to make the problem more realistic, we employed magnetic field and slip effects on fluid flow. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by similarity variables and then solved numerically. The MATLAB built-in command ‘bvp4c’ is utilized to solve the system of ODEs. Central composite factorial design based response surface methodology (RSM) is also employed for optimization. For this, quadratic regression is used for data analysis. The results are concluded More > Graphic Abstract

    Slip Effects on Casson Nanofluid over a Stretching Sheet with Activation Energy: RSM Analysis

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Optimizing Bucket Elevator Performance through a Blend of Discrete Element Method, Response Surface Methodology, and Firefly Algorithm Approaches

    Pirapat Arunyanart, Nithitorn Kongkaew, Supattarachai Sudsawat*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.2, pp. 3379-3403, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054337 - 15 August 2024

    Abstract This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method (DEM) simulation, design of experiments (DOE), and metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Specifically, the study employs the firefly algorithm (FA), a metaheuristic optimization technique, to optimize bucket elevator parameters for maximizing transport mass and mass flow rate discharge of granular materials under specified working conditions. The experimental methodology involves several key steps: screening experiments to identify significant factors affecting bucket elevator operation, central composite design (CCD) experiments to further explore these factors, and response surface methodology (RSM)… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Adsorption of Malachite Green Using Activated Carbon from Mangosteen Peel: Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design

    Nabila Eka Yuningsih, Latifa Ariani, Suprapto Suprapto, Ita Ulfin, Harmami Harmami, Hendro Juwono, Yatim Lailun Ni’mah*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.5, pp. 981-992, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049109 - 17 July 2024

    Abstract In this research, activated carbon from mangosteen peel has been synthesized using sulfuric acid as an activator. The adsorption performance of the activated carbon was optimized using malachite green dye as absorbate. Malachite green dye waste is a toxic and non-biodegradable material that damages the environment. Optimization of adsorption processes was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The synthesized activated carbon was characterized using FTIR and SEM instruments. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of a sulfonate group (-SOH) in the activated carbon, indicating that the activation process using… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Influence of Tartaric Acid in the Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Response Surface Methodology

    Yatim Lailun Ni’mah1, Afaf Baktir2, Dewi Santosaningsih3, Suprapto Suprapto1,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.2, pp. 245-258, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.045514 - 11 March 2024

    Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using tartaric acid as a capping agent have a great impact on the reaction kinetics and contribute significantly to the stability of AgNPs. The protective layer formed by tartaric acid is an important factor that protects the silver surface and reduces potential cytotoxicity problems. These attributes are critical for assessing the compatibility of AgNPs with biological systems and making them suitable for drug delivery applications. The aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive study of the effect of tartaric acid concentration, sonication time and temperature on the formation of… More > Graphic Abstract

    The Influence of Tartaric Acid in the Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Response Surface Methodology

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Optimization of Mortar Compressive Strength Prepared with Waste Glass Aggregate and Coir Fiber Addition Using Response Surface Methodology

    Cut Rahmawati1,2,*, Lia Handayani3, Muhtadin4, Muhammad Faisal4, Muhammad Zardi1, S. M. Sapuan5, Agung Efriyo Hadi6, Jawad Ahmad7, Haytham F. Isleem8

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.10, pp. 3751-3767, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.028987 - 10 August 2023

    Abstract Waste Glass (WGs) and Coir Fiber (CF) are not widely utilized, even though their silica and cellulose content can be used to create construction materials. This study aimed to optimize mortar compressive strength using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to determine the optimization of WGs and CF addition to the mortar compressive strength. Compressive strength and microstructure testing with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were conducted to specify the mechanical ability and bonding between the matrix, CF, and WGs. The results showed… More > Graphic Abstract

    Optimization of Mortar Compressive Strength Prepared with Waste Glass Aggregate and Coir Fiber Addition Using Response Surface Methodology

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Stability and Thermal Property Optimization of Propylene Glycol-Based MWCNT Nanofluids

    Xi Wang1, Shan Qing1,*, Zhumei Luo1,*, Yiqin Liu1,2, Zichang Shi1, Jiachen Li1

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.9, pp. 2399-2416, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.028024 - 16 May 2023

    Abstract Propylene glycol-based MWCNT (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) nanofluids were prepared in the framework of a two-step method and by using a suitable PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) dispersant. The BBD (Box-Behnken design) model was exploited to analyze 17 sets of experiments and examine the sensitivity of the absorbance to three parameters, namely the concentration of MWCNT, the SN ratio (mass ratio of carbon nanotubes to surfactants) and the sonication time. The results have revealed that, while the SN ratio and concentration of MWCNT have a strong effect on the absorbance, the influence of the sonication time is less… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Adsorption of Pb(II) Using Silica Gel Synthesized from Chemical Bottle Waste: Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design

    Yatim Lailun Ni’mah*, Nabila Eka Yuningsih, Suprapto Suprapto

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.6, pp. 2913-2924, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025431 - 27 April 2023

    Abstract The adsorption of Pb(II) on silica gel synthesized from chemical glass bottle waste has been studied. The effect of independent variables (adsorbent dose, initial concentration of Pb(II), contact time, and pH) on the Pb(II) removal from water was evaluated and optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Under optimized conditions (adsorbent dose: 20 mg; contact time: 30 min; initial Pb(II) concentration: 120 mg. L−1 ; and pH: 8), the removal of Pb(II) was 99.77%. The adsorption equilibrium data obtained from the batch experiment were investigated using different isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm model fits the experimental More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Prediction of Apple Fruit Quality by Soil Nutrient Content and Artificial Neural Network

    Mengyao Yan1, Xianqi Zeng1, Banghui Zhang1, Hui Zhang2, Di Tan1, Binghua Cai1, Shenchun Qu1, Sanhong Wang1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.1, pp. 193-208, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2022.023078 - 06 September 2022

    Abstract The effect of soil nutrient content on fruit yield and fruit quality is very important. To explore the effect of soil nutrients on apple quality we investigated 200 fruit samples from 40 orchards in Feng County, Jiangsu Province. Soil mineral elements and fruit quality were measured. The effect of soil nutrient content on fruit quality was analyzed by artificial neural network (ANN) model. The results showed that the prediction accuracy was highest (R2 = 0.851, 0.847, 0.885, 0.678 and 0.746) in mass per fruit (MPF), hardness (HB), soluble solids concentrations (SSC), titratable acid concentration (TA) and solid-acid ratio More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Optimization of Photo-Fenton Catalyst Preparation Based Bamboo Carbon Fiber by Response Surface Methodology

    Yizhang Wang1, Zhaoyang Yu1, Jinbo Hu1,2,*, Shanshan Chang1, Yuan Liu1, Ting Li2, Gonggang Liu1,*, Xiaodong (Alice) Wang3

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.1, pp. 147-165, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.021306 - 10 August 2022

    Abstract In this paper, the residue from bamboo factory has been used to design photo-Fenton catalyst, which has the advantages of low cost and magnetic recycling. The photo-Fenton catalytic performance of the biocarbon-based catalyst was excellent and its optimal preparation process was also explored by response surface methodology. First, bamboo-carbon fiber was selected as the photo-Fenton catalyst carrier. Subsequently, the surface of the carbon fiber was modified, with which dopamine, nano-Fe3O4 and nano-TiO2 were successively loaded by hydrothermal method. After examined single factor tests, four factors including dopamine concentration, ferric chloride mass, P25 titanium dioxide mass and… More > Graphic Abstract

    Optimization of Photo-Fenton Catalyst Preparation Based Bamboo Carbon Fiber by Response Surface Methodology

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