Shahin Imran^1,2, Maki Katsuhara^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.11, pp. 3653-3665, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073959 - 01 December 2025

Abstract Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) employs the Na⁺ transporter HvHKT1;1, which is an N⁺-selective transporter. This study characterized the full-length HvHKT1;1 (HvHKT1;1-FL) and three mRNA variants (HvHKT1;1-V1, -V2, and -V3), which encode polypeptides of 64.7, 54.0, 40.5, and 32.9 kDa, respectively. Tissue-specific expression profiling revealed that HvHKT1;1-FL is the most abundant transcript across leaf, sheath, and root tissues under normal conditions, with the highest expression in leaves. Under 150 mM NaCl stress, HvHKT1;1-FL and its variants showed a dynamic, time-dependent expression pattern, with peak leaf expression at 2 h, sheath expression at 12 h, and root expression at 2 h, suggesting their… More >

Noor Ayesha¹, Muhammad Mujahid², Abeer Rashad Mirdad², Faten S. Alamri^3,*, Amjad R. Khan²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 1883-1899, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063560 - 09 June 2025

Abstract Large language models (LLMs) and natural language processing (NLP) have significant promise to improve efficiency and refine healthcare decision-making and clinical results. Numerous domains, including healthcare, are rapidly adopting LLMs for the classification of biomedical textual data in medical research. The LLM can derive insights from intricate, extensive, unstructured training data. Variants need to be accurately identified and classified to advance genetic research, provide individualized treatment, and assist physicians in making better choices. However, the sophisticated and perplexing language of medical reports is often beyond the capabilities of the devices we now utilize. Such an… More >

Hongqun Xiang¹, Jian Zhuang^2,3, Luoning Bao^4,5, Yan Shi^2,3,*

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 245-263, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.064366 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, with 34% of cases attributed to genetic variants. NOTCH1, a multi-domain transmembrane protein, regulates heart development by controlling the differentiation and migration of myocardial mesoderm cells, and different variants are present in different types of CHD. In this review, we aim to provide a detailed description of NOTCH1 structural domains and their functions, highlighting NOTCH1 variants in CHD and the molecular mechanisms through which they contribute to CHD occurrence. NOTCH1 has two main domains, the NOTCH extracellular domain (NECD) and the NOTCH intracellular domain… More >

Mohammed A. El-Shorbagy¹, Anas Bouaouda^2,*, Laith Abualigah^3,4, Fatma A. Hashim^5,6

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.3, pp. 2339-2404, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.061028 - 03 March 2025

Abstract With the rapid advancements in technology and science, optimization theory and algorithms have become increasingly important. A wide range of real-world problems is classified as optimization challenges, and meta-heuristic algorithms have shown remarkable effectiveness in solving these challenges across diverse domains, such as machine learning, process control, and engineering design, showcasing their capability to address complex optimization problems. The Stochastic Fractal Search (SFS) algorithm is one of the most popular meta-heuristic optimization methods inspired by the fractal growth patterns of natural materials. Since its introduction by Hamid Salimi in 2015, SFS has garnered significant attention… More >

Saeed Dinarvand^*, Amirmohammad Abbasi, Sogol Gharsi

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 37-60, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.057545 - 24 January 2025

Abstract The present review explores the promising role of nanofluids and related hybrid variants in enhancing the efficiency of flat tube car radiators. As vehicles become more advanced and demand better thermal performance, traditional coolants are starting to fall short. Nanofluids, which involve tiny nanoparticles dispersed into standard cooling liquids, offer a new solution by significantly improving heat transfer capabilities. The article categorizes the different types of nanofluids (ranging from those based on metals and metal oxides to carbon materials and hybrid combinations) and examines their effects on the improvement of radiator performance. General consensus More >

ENRICO CALIMAN^1,2, SARA FANCELLI^1,2, FEDERICO SCOLARI³, ADRIANO PASQUI⁴, CLARA MANNESCHI⁴, DANIELE LAVACCHI¹, FRANCESCA MAZZONI⁴, FRANCESCA GENSINI⁵, VALERIA PASINI⁶, CAMILLA EVA COMIN^2,7, LUCA VOLTOLINI^2,8, SERENA PILLOZZI^1,2,*, LORENZO ANTONUZZO^1,2,4

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 45-55, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.050161 - 20 December 2024

Abstract Background: Platinum chemotherapy (CT) remains the backbone of systemic therapy for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway plays a central role in the repair of the DNA damage exerted by platinum agents. Alteration in this repair mechanism may affect patients’ survival. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 38 patients with extensive disease (ED)-SCLC who underwent platinum-CT at the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence (Italy), from 2015 to 2020. mRNA expression analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) characterization of three NER pathway genes—namely ERCC1, ERCC2,… More >

Naeem Raza¹, Muhammad Asif Habib¹, Mudassar Ahmad¹, Qaisar Abbas^2,*, Mutlaq B. Aldajani², Muhammad Ahsan Latif³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.1, pp. 911-931, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.055049 - 15 October 2024

Abstract Vision-based vehicle detection in adverse weather conditions such as fog, haze, and mist is a challenging research area in the fields of autonomous vehicles, collision avoidance, and Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled edge/fog computing traffic surveillance and monitoring systems. Efficient and cost-effective vehicle detection at high accuracy and speed in foggy weather is essential to avoiding road traffic collisions in real-time. To evaluate vision-based vehicle detection performance in foggy weather conditions, state-of-the-art Vehicle Detection in Adverse Weather Nature (DAWN) and Foggy Driving (FD) datasets are self-annotated using the YOLO LABEL tool and customized to four vehicle… More >

Artur V. Dmitrenko^1,2,*, Vladislav M. Ovsyannikov²

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.20, No.9, pp. 1925-1939, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.048389 - 23 August 2024

Abstract The differential equations of continuum mechanics are the basis of an uncountable variety of phenomena and technological processes in fluid-dynamics and related fields. These equations contain derivatives of the first order with respect to time. The derivation of the equations of continuum mechanics uses the limit transitions of the tendency of the volume increment and the time increment to zero. Derivatives are used to derive the wave equation. The differential wave equation is second order in time. Therefore, increments of volume and increments of time in continuum mechanics should be considered as small but finite More >

STEPHEN E. LANGABEER^*

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.9, pp. 1423-1427, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.051218 - 23 August 2024

Abstract Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an uncommon mature B-cell malignancy characterized by a typical morphology, immunophenotype, and clinical profile. The vast majority of HCL patients harbor the canonical BRAF V600E mutation which has become a rationalized target of the subsequently deregulated RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPK signaling pathway in HCL patients who have relapsed or who are refractory to front-line therapy. However, several HCL patients with a classical phenotype display non-canonical BRAF mutations or rearrangements. These include sequence variants within alternative exons and an oncogenic fusion with the IGH gene. Care must be taken in the molecular diagnostic work-up of patients More >

SEUNG-HEE GWAK¹, JUHYUN LEE¹, EUNJI OH¹, DOHYUN LEE^1,2, WONSHIK HAN³, JONGMIN KIM^1,*, KYONG-TAI KIM^4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.2, pp. 421-432, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.031031 - 28 December 2023

Abstract Genetic information is transcribed from genomic DNA to mRNA, which is then translated into three-dimensional proteins. mRNAs can undergo various post-transcriptional modifications, including RNA editing that alters mRNA sequences, ultimately affecting protein function. In this study, RNA editing was identified at the 499th base (c.499) of human vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2). This RNA editing changes the amino acid in the catalytic domain of VRK2 from isoleucine (with adenine base) to valine (with guanine base). Isoleucine-containing VRK2 has higher kinase activity than the valine-containing VRK2, which leads to an increase in tumor cell proliferation. Earlier we… More > Graphic Abstract