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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Impact of Drought, Salinity, and Waterlogging on Wheat: Physiological, Biochemical Responses, and Yield Implications

    Mudasser Mehmood1,*, Zoahaib Aslam Khan1, Adil Mehmood2, Madiha Zaynab3, Muhammad Atiq ur Rahman4, Mohammad Khalid Al-Sadoon5, M. Harshini6, Ling Shing Wong7

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.4, pp. 1111-1135, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.059812 - 30 April 2025

    Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop critical for global food security, yet its productivity is significantly affected by abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and waterlogging, which are exacerbated by climate change. This study evaluated the effects of these stresses on vegetative growth, physiological responses, and yield. Field experiments were conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at the Mona Reclamation Experimental Project (MREP), WAPDA, Bhalwal, Sargodha, Punjab Pakistan. Stress treatments included three levels of drought (25%, 50%, and 75% field capacity), salinity (4, 8, and 12 dS/m), and waterlogging (24, 48, and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Humic Acid Mediates Drought Tolerance in Wheat through the Modulation of Morphophysiological Traits, Leading to Improve the Grain Yield in Wheat

    Dristy Roy1, Md. Zakarya Ibne Sayed2, Durjay Mondal2, Banosree Saha Bandhan3, Md. Maniruzzaman Bahadur1, Md. Rabiul Islam1, Ahmed Gaber4, Md. Parvez Kabir5, Akbar Hossain5,*, Subrota Kumer Pramanik1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 763-779, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.062717 - 31 March 2025

    Abstract The increasing frequency and intensity of drought caused by climate change necessitate the implementation of effective ways to increase the ability of wheat to withstand drought, with humic acid being a promising approach. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of exogenous humic acid on wheat under water deficit stress via a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The impacts of four growing conditions, i.e., well water (65% field capacity), water deficit stress (35% field capacity), soil application of humic acid (44 mg kg−1 soil) under water deficit stress and foliar feeding… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Exogenous Application of Hesperidin Ameliorates Chromium Toxicity in Wheat Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater

    Gohar Ayoub1, Shafaqat Ali1,2,*, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf 3,4, Shoaib Ahmad5, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh6

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 929-951, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.059288 - 31 March 2025

    Abstract Chromium (Cr), a persistent soil pollutant, has detrimental effects on plants and living things, and its contamination in soil increased as a result of human-induced activities. Pakistan suffers from a lack of fresh water supplies; hence most people use metal-containing water and wastewater to irrigate their crops. Exposure to Cr toxicity, the plant reduces their morphological and physiological growth which ultimately decreases crop productivity. The current study was designed to investigate the foliar application of hesperidin (HSP) at varying effluent rates (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1) on wheat growth under tannery wastewater irrigated soil.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviate Enhanced UV-B Radiation-Induced Stress in Wheat Seedling Roots by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species

    Cheng Sun1,3, Chen Zhao2,3, Guohua Wang2,3, Qianwen Mao2,3, Rong Han2,3,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.2, pp. 455-479, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.061462 - 06 March 2025

    Abstract Enhanced UV-B radiation represents a major environmental factor impacting global cereal production. Researchers have explored various approaches to reduce the detrimental impact of UV-B radiation on crops. Recently, engineered nanoparticles, particularly cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs), have attracted widespread interest for their ability to boost plant tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses. This study investigates how CeO2-NPs application affects the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and transcriptomics profiles of wheat seedling roots subjected to enhanced UV-B stress. The findings demonstrate that CeO2-NPs notably promoted root length, fresh and dry weights, and root activity (p < 0.05) under enhanced UV-B… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Coupling Multi-Source Satellite Remote Sensing and Meteorological Data to Discriminate Yellow Rust and Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat

    Qi Sheng1, Huiqin Ma1,*, Jingcheng Zhang1, Zhiqin Gui1, Wenjiang Huang2,3, Dongmei Chen1, Bo Wang1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.2, pp. 421-440, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.060152 - 06 March 2025

    Abstract Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici, YR) and fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, FHB) are the two main diseases affecting wheat in the main grain-producing areas of East China, which is common for the two diseases to appear simultaneously in some main production areas. It is necessary to discriminate wheat YR and FHB at the regional scale to accurately locate the disease in space, conduct detailed disease severity monitoring, and scientific control. Four images on different dates were acquired from Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, and Gaofen-1 during the critical period of winter wheat, and 22 remote sensing features that… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Bacterial Inoculation and Co-Inoculation Improves Durum Wheat Productivity in Alkaline Calcareous Soils

    Bouazza Chami1,2, Nabil Touzout2, Souad Guemouri-Athmani1, Djamel Baali-Cherif3, Adil Mihoub4, Jakub Černý5,*, Muhammad Farhan Saeed6, Aftab Jamal7,*, Hayi Mohamed Yassine8, Yaser Hassan Dewir9, Aurelio Scavo10

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3313-3329, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.059865 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract Intensive agricultural practices have undeniably reduced soil fertility and crop productivity. Furthermore, alkaline calcareous soils represent a significant challenge for agricultural production, particularly durum wheat, which is vital for ensuring food security. It is therefore essential to explore new cereal management strategies to maintain food production and promote crop sustainability. The application of soil microorganisms, particularly plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as inoculants to enhance crop production is a growing area of interest. This study investigates the effects of the rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa SGH1 and SGK2, applied both individually and in combination, on the growth and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Growth, Yield, Energetics, CO2 Emissions and Production Economics of Zero-Tillage Wheat as Influenced by Different Rice Residue Loads and Nutrient Management Options

    Mallepu S Likhitha Reddy1, Biplab Mitra1, Ahmed Gaber2, Akbar Hossain3,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3509-3530, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.056789 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract The rice‒wheat farming system is considered as the greatest energy-intensive agricultural practice in South‒East Asia. In light of declining system production and profitability, burning of residues, soil erosion, depletion of renewable resources, and environmental degradation, the sustainability of the rice‒wheat cropping system is being questioned. As a result, energy and money efficient conservation agricultural methods are becoming more and more necessary to accomplish sustainable output. A field experiment was carried out in this regard to evaluate the effects of varying degrees of rice residue retention and nutrient management options on zero-tillage grown wheat growth, yield,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Multifunctional Films Based on Wheat Gluten and Microencapsulated Thyme Essential Oil

    Norma E. Marcovich1, Matías Federico Hernández1,2, María Roberta Ansorena2,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.12, pp. 2049-2068, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.055151 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract In this work, active and edible films for food packaging were obtained by intensive mixing and compression molding of the wheat gluten (WG) glycerol-plasticized paste. Thyme essential oil (TEO, 10 and 15 wt.%) was incorporated as the active component microencapsulated in β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) and included directly into the biopolymer matrix for comparison. It was found that films incorporating microencapsulated TEO are more soluble in water (total soluble matter (dry method) of about 33% and 36.6% vs. 22.4% and 18.6%, for films containing 10% and 15% TEO, respectively) but less rigid than those obtained with free oil… More > Graphic Abstract

    Multifunctional Films Based on Wheat Gluten and Microencapsulated Thyme Essential Oil

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Aggressiveness Assessment of Two Fusarium spp. on Durum Wheat Grain Coleoptiles under Controlled Conditions

    Salah Hadjout1,2,*, Mohamed Zouidi1, Houcine Bougrine1, Abdeldjalil Belkendil1, Amer Zeghmar1, Walid Ouaret3, Walid Soufan4, Fathi Abdellatif Belhouadjeb5

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.11, pp. 2983-2992, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.056982 - 30 November 2024

    Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease caused by several Fusarium species, notably, F. culmorum and F. graminearum. These pathogens adversely affect the technological and sanitary qualities of cereal grains, particularly durum wheat. Under favorable environmental conditions and in susceptible varieties, these Fusarium species can significantly reduce both the quantity and quality of crops. This study evaluated the pathogenicity of the two Fusarium species (FC2006 and FG2008) in the growth of durum wheat coleoptiles. The plant material included four commercially grown parental varieties (G9, G10, G11, G12) and eight breeding lines (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8).… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Mono Ethanol Amine (MEA) Pulping of Wheat Straw: An Environmentally Friendly Suggestion for the Fluff Pulp Production

    Saeed Ismaeilimoghadam1,*, Saeed Mahdavi1, Mehdi Pourhashemi2, Afsaneh Shahraki3, Mehdi Jonoobi4,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.10, pp. 1771-1789, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.054888 - 23 October 2024

    Abstract This research aimed to investigate the effect of pulping conditions and refining intensities of wheat straw to be recommended for fluff pulp production. For this purpose, mono ethanol amine (MEA) was selected as a de-lignification agent at three levels of 50:50, 25:75, and 15:85 (MEA/water, W/V %), and soda-AQ 14 W/V % was used as a reference pulping. To investigate the optimal refining intensity, the obtained pulp was passed through a single disk laboratory refiner from 0 to 6 times and in two different consistencies (1.5 and 2.5 W/V %). Total yield, kappa number, ash… More > Graphic Abstract

    Mono Ethanol Amine (MEA) Pulping of Wheat Straw: An Environmentally Friendly Suggestion for the Fluff Pulp Production

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