E. M. B. M. Karunathilake^1,#, Thanh Tuan Thai^1,2,3,#, Sheikh Mansoor¹, Anh Tuan Le^3,4, Faheem Shehzad Baloch^1,5, Yong Suk Chung^1,*, Dong-Wook Kim^6,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.7, pp. 2215-2228, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067439 - 31 July 2025

Abstract Accurate and timely estimation of above-ground biomass is crucial for understanding crop growth dynamics, optimizing agricultural input management, and assessing productivity in sustainable farming practices. However, conventional biomass assessments are destructive and resource-intensive. In contrast, remote sensing techniques, particularly those utilizing low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles, provide a non-destructive approach to collect imagery data on plant canopy features, including spectral reflectance and structural details at any stage of the crop life cycle. This study explores the potential visible-light-derived vegetative indices to improve biomass prediction during the flowering period of buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Red, green, and blue (RGB)… More >

Shivani Sood¹, Harjeet Singh^2,*, Surbhi Bhatia Khan^3,4,5,*, Ahlam Almusharraf⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 2751-2787, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.060185 - 03 July 2025

Abstract Wheat fungal infections pose a danger to the grain quality and crop productivity. Thus, prompt and precise diagnosis is essential for efficient crop management. This study used the WFD2020 image dataset, which is available to everyone, to look into how deep learning models could be used to find powdery mildew, leaf rust, and yellow rust, which are three common fungal diseases in Punjab, India. We changed a few hyperparameters to test TensorFlow-based models, such as SSD and Faster R-CNN with ResNet50, ResNet101, and ResNet152 as backbones. Faster R-CNN with ResNet50 achieved a mean average precision More >

Andris Berzins^1,2, Ramunas Tupciauskas^1,*, Gunars Pavlovics¹, Martins Andzs¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1189-1207, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0067 - 23 June 2025

Abstract This study examines the development of loose-fill thermal insulation materials derived from annual plant residues, such as wheat straw, water reeds, and corn stalks, processed using the chemimechanical pulping (CMP) technique. The chopped plants were soda-cooked for 30 min, varying NaOH concentration (2%–8% on a dry basis of biomass), and mechanically refined using different disc types. The CMP process enhances the homogeneity and stability of defibrated material, yielding improved insulation properties compared to untreated chopped raw materials. Chemical analysis revealed that CMP increases cellulose content and reduces lignin levels, enhancing water retention and vapor diffusion… More > Graphic Abstract

Hussam Qushtom, Ahmad Hasasneh^*, Sari Masri

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 1379-1395, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061995 - 09 June 2025

Abstract This study presents an enhanced convolutional neural network (CNN) model integrated with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques for accurate prediction and interpretation of wheat crop diseases. The aim is to streamline the detection process while offering transparent insights into the model’s decision-making to support effective disease management. To evaluate the model, a dataset was collected from wheat fields in Kotli, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, and tested across multiple data splits. The proposed model demonstrates improved stability, faster convergence, and higher classification accuracy. The results show significant improvements in prediction accuracy and stability compared to prior works,… More >

S. Y. Labonno, M. S. Raihan, M. Mohi-Ud-Din, A. K. M. Aminul Islam^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.5, pp. 1545-1563, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.063916 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Morpho-physiological evaluation of a crop’s genetic resources is necessary to find possible genotypes to include in breeding initiatives. The objective of this study was to identify heat-tolerant wheat genotypes among36 mutant lines using morpho-physiological indices. Seedlings of mutant lines and check varieties were grown under both normal (control) and heat-stress conditions in growth chambers. Data were recorded on root-shoot parameters (length, fresh weight, dry weight, and ratio), relative water content (RWC), stability of cell membrane, pigment content, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Two-way analysis of variance showed significant (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) variation among15 morpho-physiological features… More >

Mudasser Mehmood^1,*, Zoahaib Aslam Khan¹, Adil Mehmood², Madiha Zaynab³, Muhammad Atiq ur Rahman⁴, Mohammad Khalid Al-Sadoon⁵, M. Harshini⁶, Ling Shing Wong⁷

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.4, pp. 1111-1135, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.059812 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop critical for global food security, yet its productivity is significantly affected by abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and waterlogging, which are exacerbated by climate change. This study evaluated the effects of these stresses on vegetative growth, physiological responses, and yield. Field experiments were conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at the Mona Reclamation Experimental Project (MREP), WAPDA, Bhalwal, Sargodha, Punjab Pakistan. Stress treatments included three levels of drought (25%, 50%, and 75% field capacity), salinity (4, 8, and 12 dS/m), and waterlogging (24, 48, and… More >

Dristy Roy¹, Md. Zakarya Ibne Sayed², Durjay Mondal², Banosree Saha Bandhan³, Md. Maniruzzaman Bahadur¹, Md. Rabiul Islam¹, Ahmed Gaber⁴, Md. Parvez Kabir⁵, Akbar Hossain^5,*, Subrota Kumer Pramanik^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 763-779, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.062717 - 31 March 2025

Abstract The increasing frequency and intensity of drought caused by climate change necessitate the implementation of effective ways to increase the ability of wheat to withstand drought, with humic acid being a promising approach. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of exogenous humic acid on wheat under water deficit stress via a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The impacts of four growing conditions, i.e., well water (65% field capacity), water deficit stress (35% field capacity), soil application of humic acid (44 mg kg⁻¹ soil) under water deficit stress and foliar feeding… More >

Gohar Ayoub¹, Shafaqat Ali^1,2,*, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ^3,4, Shoaib Ahmad⁵, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh⁶

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 929-951, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.059288 - 31 March 2025

Abstract Chromium (Cr), a persistent soil pollutant, has detrimental effects on plants and living things, and its contamination in soil increased as a result of human-induced activities. Pakistan suffers from a lack of fresh water supplies; hence most people use metal-containing water and wastewater to irrigate their crops. Exposure to Cr toxicity, the plant reduces their morphological and physiological growth which ultimately decreases crop productivity. The current study was designed to investigate the foliar application of hesperidin (HSP) at varying effluent rates (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L⁻¹) on wheat growth under tannery wastewater irrigated soil.… More >

Cheng Sun^1,3, Chen Zhao^2,3, Guohua Wang^2,3, Qianwen Mao^2,3, Rong Han^2,3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.2, pp. 455-479, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.061462 - 06 March 2025

Abstract Enhanced UV-B radiation represents a major environmental factor impacting global cereal production. Researchers have explored various approaches to reduce the detrimental impact of UV-B radiation on crops. Recently, engineered nanoparticles, particularly cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂-NPs), have attracted widespread interest for their ability to boost plant tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses. This study investigates how CeO₂-NPs application affects the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and transcriptomics profiles of wheat seedling roots subjected to enhanced UV-B stress. The findings demonstrate that CeO₂-NPs notably promoted root length, fresh and dry weights, and root activity (p < 0.05) under enhanced UV-B… More >

Qi Sheng¹, Huiqin Ma^1,*, Jingcheng Zhang¹, Zhiqin Gui¹, Wenjiang Huang^2,3, Dongmei Chen¹, Bo Wang¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.2, pp. 421-440, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.060152 - 06 March 2025

Abstract Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici, YR) and fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, FHB) are the two main diseases affecting wheat in the main grain-producing areas of East China, which is common for the two diseases to appear simultaneously in some main production areas. It is necessary to discriminate wheat YR and FHB at the regional scale to accurately locate the disease in space, conduct detailed disease severity monitoring, and scientific control. Four images on different dates were acquired from Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, and Gaofen-1 during the critical period of winter wheat, and 22 remote sensing features that… More >