Wen-Tsai Sung¹, Indra Griha Tofik Isa^2,3, Sung-Jung Hsiao^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.2, pp. 1-31, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070922 - 09 December 2025

Abstract Mango is a plant with high economic value in the agricultural industry; thus, it is necessary to maximize the productivity performance of the mango plant, which can be done by implementing artificial intelligence. In this study, a lightweight object detection model will be developed that can detect mango plant conditions based on disease potential, so that it becomes an early detection warning system that has an impact on increasing agricultural productivity. The proposed lightweight model integrates YOLOv7-Tiny and the proposed modules, namely the C2S module. The C2S module consists of three sub-modules such as the… More >

Ali S. Alzaharani, Abid Iqbal^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-27, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.070410 - 10 November 2025

Abstract In this study, an automated multimodal system for detecting, classifying, and dating fruit was developed using a two-stage YOLOv11 pipeline. In the first stage, the YOLOv11 detection model locates individual date fruits in real time by drawing bounding boxes around them. These bounding boxes are subsequently passed to a YOLOv11 classification model, which analyzes cropped images and assigns class labels. An additional counting module automatically tallies the detected fruits, offering a near-instantaneous estimation of quantity. The experimental results suggest high precision and recall for detection, high classification accuracy (across 15 classes), and near-perfect counting in More >

Abd Al Karim Jaafar¹, Suleiman Salim¹, Dema Altheb¹, Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem^2,3, Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo^4,5,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3945-3960, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.072520 - 29 December 2025

Abstract The use of organic fertilizers can be an opportunity to increase crop yield and improve soil fertility in semi-arid regions, since soils from these regions usually have unfavourable conditions for plant growth. This research investigates the effects of organic and mineral fertilization on the impact of soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter), availability of macro- (N, P and K), micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) and the accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr) in soil and potato tubers grown under semiarid conditions. A field experiment was conducted in Raqqa Governorate (Syria) using… More >

Mukesh Kumar Verma^1,2,*, Manohar Yadav¹

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 855-879, 2025, DOI:10.32604/rig.2025.069914 - 17 November 2025

Abstract Precision Agriculture (PA) is revolutionizing modern farming by leveraging remote sensing (RS) technologies for continuous, non-destructive crop monitoring. This review comprehensively explores RS systems categorized by platform—terrestrial, airborne, and space-borne—and evaluates the role of multi-sensor fusion in addressing the spatial and temporal complexity of agricultural environments. Emphasis is placed on data from LiDAR, GNSS, cameras, and radar, alongside derived metrics such as plant height, projected leaf area, and biomass. The study also highlights the significance of data processing methods, particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), in extracting actionable insights from large datasets. By More >

Başak Müftüoğlu, Sevinç Başay^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.10, pp. 3217-3229, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.071755 - 29 October 2025

Abstract Water scarcity is an escalating global challenge that severely threatens productivity and reproductive success in crops, particularly in drought-sensitive species such as Capsicum annuum L. Although deficit irrigation strategies are widely recommended to enhance water use efficiency, knowledge remains limited regarding their interactions with soil amendments such as biochar and the consequent impacts on reproductive traits. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of deficit irrigation strategies and biochar application on pollen viability and morphology in Capsicum annuum. The experiment was conducted under full, partial, and deficit irrigation regimes with and without biochar treatment, following a… More >

Eakbodin Gedkhaw, Nantinee Soodtoetong^*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4349-4363, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068577 - 27 October 2025

Abstract This research aimed to study the efficiency of solar power system in controlling hydro-organic smart farming system in closed greenhouse by developing an off-grid system consisting of 450 W solar panel, MPPT charge controller, 500 W Pure Sine Wave inverter and 2150 Ah Deep Cycle batteries in series as 24 V system to supply power to automatic control devices, including temperature, humidity, pH sensor and water pump in NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) hydroponic system using organic nutrient solution. The test result between 08:00–17:00 or 30 days found that the system can produce a maximum of… More > Graphic Abstract

Siwakorn Banluesapy, Mahasak Ketcham^*, Montean Rattanasiriwongwut

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.10, pp. 4261-4296, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068422 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Traditional agricultural irrigation systems waste significant amounts of water and energy due to inefficient scheduling and the absence of real-time monitoring capabilities. This research developed a comprehensive IoT-based smart irrigation control system to optimize water and energy management in agricultural greenhouses while enhancing crop productivity. The system employs a sophisticated four-layer Internet of Things (IoT) architecture based on an ESP32 microcontroller, integrated with multiple environmental sensors, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light intensity sensors, for comprehensive environmental monitoring. The system utilizes the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) communication protocol for reliable data transmission and… More >

Hafiza Muniba Din Muhammad¹, Safina Naz¹, Zarina Bibi², Mohamed A. A. Ahmed³, Alina-Stefania Stanciu⁴, Riaz Ahmad^5,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.9, pp. 2631-2648, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.069474 - 30 September 2025

Abstract The production of crops is badly affected by climate change globally. Mitigation of adverse effects of climate change is in need of time through different management practices such as developing tolerant genetic resources, hormonal applications to boost defense systems, nanoparticles, and balanced fertilization. The nano-hormonal synergy had the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change by modulation of morpho-physiological and biochemical activities. Plant growth, yield, and quality can be enhanced with the supplementation of nano-hormonal interactions. Therefore, the current study explores the synergy between nanoparticles and phytohormonal use. The nanoparticles, even in low… More >

Malini Ray¹, Sanchari Burman², Shweta Meshram^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2285-2312, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.067814 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Plants are under constant exposure to varied biotic and abiotic stresses, which significantly affect their growth, productivity, and survival. Biotic stress, caused by pathogens, and abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metals, activate overlapping yet distinct immune pathways. These are comprised of morphological barriers, hormonal signaling, and the induction of stress-responsive genes through complex pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, and secondary metabolites. Abiotic stress triggers organelle-mediated retrograde signaling from organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria, which causes unfolded protein responses and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Simultaneously, biotic stress activates… More > Graphic Abstract

Lobna Hajji-Hedfi^1,2,*, Omaima Bargougui^1,3, Abdelhak Rhouma¹, Takwa Wannassi¹, Amira Khlif^1,3, Samar Dali^1,3, Wafa Gamaoun⁴

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2255-2284, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.066951 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Fungal plant diseases are infections caused by pathogenic fungi that affect crops, ornamental plants, and trees. Symptoms of these diseases can include leaf spots, fruit rot, root rot, and generalized growth retardation. Fungal diseases can result in decreased quality and quantity of crops, which can have a negative economic impact on farmers and producers. Moreover, these diseases can cause environmental damage. Indeed, fungal diseases can directly affect crops by reducing plant growth and yield, as well as altering their quality and nutritional value. Although effective, the use of many chemical products is often harmful to… More >