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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Nanoparticle Innovations for Mitigating Metal Toxicity in Plants

    Maryam1, Mohamed M. El-Mogy2, Muhammad Faheem Jan3, Iram Naz1, Ishtiaq Ahmad4,*, Riaz Ahmad5, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf6

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 623-640, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.063763 - 31 March 2025

    Abstract Various environmental stressors, such as salinity, heat, drought, and metals, present significant obstacles to crop productivity. This study delves into the adverse effects of metals, specifically focusing on cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) on plants. It explores the sources of these metals, examining both natural occurrences and human-induced activities, and investigates the mechanisms through which plants absorb them. Metal pollution, in particular, negatively affects plant and microbiome well-being, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that harm essential macromolecules. Traditional stress-resistant plant varieties necessitate substantial development, leading… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Mango Disease Detection Using Fused Vision Transformer with ConvNeXt Architecture

    Faten S. Alamri1, Tariq Sadad2,*, Ahmed S. Almasoud3, Raja Atif Aurangzeb4, Amjad Khan3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.1, pp. 1023-1039, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061890 - 26 March 2025

    Abstract Mango farming significantly contributes to the economy, particularly in developing countries. However, mango trees are susceptible to various diseases caused by fungi, viruses, and bacteria, and diagnosing these diseases at an early stage is crucial to prevent their spread, which can lead to substantial losses. The development of deep learning models for detecting crop diseases is an active area of research in smart agriculture. This study focuses on mango plant diseases and employs the ConvNeXt and Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures. Two datasets were used. The first, MangoLeafBD, contains data for mango leaf diseases such as… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Biochar as a Climate-Smart Agricultural Practice: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Promoting Sustainable Farming

    Muhammad Nazim1,2,*, Abdul Ghafoor3,*, Abida Hussain4, Mehwish Tabassum5, Aamir Nawaz6, Muhammad Ahmad7, Murad Muhammad1,2, Muqarrab Ali4

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.1, pp. 65-99, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.058970 - 24 January 2025

    Abstract In recent years, the world has faced rising global temperatures, accumulative pollution, and energy crises, stimulating scientists worldwide to strive for eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions. Biochar has materialized as a favorable tool for environmental remediation, indicating efficacy as an efficient sorbent substance for both inorganic and organic pollutants in environmental field. These unique properties exclude improved surface functionality, porous morphology, large specific surface area (SSA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), robust adsorption capabilities, environmental stability, and embedded micronutrients. Biochar exhibited potential characteristics for environmental oversight, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, and soil fertility improvement. This review… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Combining Ability and Heterotic Effects in Newly Developed Early Maturing and High-Yielding Maize Hybrids under Low and Recommended Nitrogen Conditions

    Mohamed M. Kamara1,*, Nora M. Al Aboud2, Hameed Alsamadany3, Abeer M. Kutby4, Imen Ben Abdelmalek5, Diaa Abd El-Moneim6, Motrih Al-Mutiry7

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.1, pp. 101-122, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.058033 - 24 January 2025

    Abstract Nitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient vital for the growth and productivity of maize. However, excessive nitrogen application can result in numerous environmental and ecological problems, such as water pollution, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, breeding maize hybrids resilient to low nitrogen conditions is crucial for sustainable agriculture, especially under low nitrogen conditions. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis of maize lines, recognize promising hybrids, and study gene action controlling key traits under low and recommended N stress conditions. The half-diallel mating design hybridized seven maize inbreds, resulting… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Collaborative Trajectory Planning for Stereoscopic Agricultural Multi-UAVs Driven by the Aquila Optimizer

    Xinyu Liu#, Longfei Wang#, Yuxin Ma, Peng Shao*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.1, pp. 1349-1376, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.058294 - 03 January 2025

    Abstract Stereoscopic agriculture, as an advanced method of agricultural production, poses new challenges for multi-task trajectory planning of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). To address the need for UAVs to perform multi-task trajectory planning in stereoscopic agriculture, a multi-task trajectory planning model and algorithm (IEP-AO) that synthesizes flight safety and flight efficiency is proposed. Based on the requirements of stereoscopic agricultural geomorphological features and operational characteristics, the multi-task trajectory planning model is ensured by constructing targeted constraints at five aspects, including the path, slope, altitude, corner, energy and obstacle threat, to improve the effectiveness of the trajectory… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Effects of Nanofertilizers on the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Plants: A Review

    Xinyi Liu1,4, Muhammed Nadeem1, Yukui Rui1,2,3,4,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3197-3216, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.059281 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract Compared with conventional fertilizers, nano fertilizer has many advantages such as controlled release, controlled or slow release of nutrients, high efficiency of nutrition use, cheap, and little polluting of the environment. The use of fertilizers with nanotechnology is a new field in agriculture, and it is a promising and cost-effective substitute for conventional fertilizers to improve the productivity of the world’s food supply. Photosynthesis is an essential biochemical reaction on Earth. Improving photosynthesis, the basic process for light’s transformation into chemical energy is one of the most important areas of research for improving agricultural output… More > Graphic Abstract

    Effects of Nanofertilizers on the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Plants: A Review

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Role of dsRNA-Based Insecticides in Agriculture: Current Scenario and Future Prospects

    Pratyush Kumar Das1, Satyabrata Nanda2,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3217-3235, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057956 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract Insect pests cause severe crop damage, resulting in substantial economic losses and threats to global food security. Conventional insecticides are low-cost chemical agents that kill the target insects and some non-specific beneficial organisms. Due to their toxic and non-biodegradable nature, these conventional insecticides persist in the environment, thus causing pollution and accumulating in the food chain. The development of novel insecticidal products based on double-stranded (dsRNA)-based RNA interference (RNAi) technology is a sustainable tool to effectively control insect pests. The dsRNA-based insecticides are known for their specificity, non-toxicity, and biodegradability. The current review introduces the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Growth, Yield, Energetics, CO2 Emissions and Production Economics of Zero-Tillage Wheat as Influenced by Different Rice Residue Loads and Nutrient Management Options

    Mallepu S Likhitha Reddy1, Biplab Mitra1, Ahmed Gaber2, Akbar Hossain3,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3509-3530, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.056789 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract The rice‒wheat farming system is considered as the greatest energy-intensive agricultural practice in South‒East Asia. In light of declining system production and profitability, burning of residues, soil erosion, depletion of renewable resources, and environmental degradation, the sustainability of the rice‒wheat cropping system is being questioned. As a result, energy and money efficient conservation agricultural methods are becoming more and more necessary to accomplish sustainable output. A field experiment was carried out in this regard to evaluate the effects of varying degrees of rice residue retention and nutrient management options on zero-tillage grown wheat growth, yield,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Mitigation of Detrimental Effects of Salinity on Sweet Pepper through Biochar-Based Fertilizers Derived from Date Palm Wastes

    Adil Mihoub1,*, Mohammed Mesnoua1, Nabil Touzout2, Reguia Zeguerrou1, Nourelislm Siabdallah1, Chawqi Benchikh1, Saliha Benaoune1, Aftab Jamal3, Domenico Ronga4, Jakub Černý5,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.11, pp. 2993-3011, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057536 - 30 November 2024

    Abstract Globally, salinity is a brutal environmental constraint that poses a major threat to agriculture worldwide, causing nutrient imbalances and oxidative stress, leading to reduced crop yields and quality. Date palm waste from the agro-industry is a major environmental problem, but its conversion to biochar for soil amendment could help alleviate the effects of salinity stress. Pepper is a commonly grown horticultural crop that is sensitive to salinity. That’s why the current experiment was conducted with the novel idea of exploring the potential use of biochar-based fertilizer derived from date palm waste as a mitigation strategy… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Exploring Metal Based Nanoparticles for Boosting Plant Tolerance to Heavy Metals and Trace Element Contamination

    Abdul Ghafoor1, Maria Latif2, Shafaqat Ali2,3,*, Muhammad Munir4,*, Muhammad Naeem Sattar5, Mohammed Ali Alshehri6

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.11, pp. 2683-2705, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.055898 - 30 November 2024

    Abstract Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils is a significant challenge for global food production and human health with the increasing industrialization and urbanization. There is a concern about introducing innovative techniques that are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and have the potential to alleviate metals, enhance crop growth, and protect plants against various environmental threats. For this, nanotechnology is one of the promising solutions having various applications in almost every field of life. This review explores various nano-based strategies that use nanoparticles (NPs) to lessen the harmful effects that heavy metals have on plants. Incorporated literature including published… More >

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