MOHAMMAD AMIN ELAHI NAJAFI^1,2,#, TAKUO MATSUKAWA^1,2,#, HIROSHI MIYAMOTO^1,2,3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.6, pp. 1255-1270, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.062142 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Sex hormones, including androgens and estrogens, are known to have widespread physiological actions beyond the reproductive system via binding to their cognitive receptors, members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that function as ligand-inducible transcription factors. Meanwhile, a growing body of evidence has indicated the involvement of androgen receptor, as well as estrogen receptors such as estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β, in the pathogenesis and growth of various types of malignancies, including urothelial cancer. Additionally, in bladder cancer, the activity of sex hormone receptors has been implicated in modulating sensitivity to conventional non-surgical therapy. These may More >

Bárbara Vieira Lima Aguiar Melão¹, Sabrina Thalita dos Reis Faria², Kátia Ramos Moreira Leite², Ruan César Aparecido Pimenta², Miguel Srougi¹, Alberto Azoubel Antunes¹

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.31, No.4, pp. 11931-11940, 2024

Abstract Introduction: Prostate cancer has a variable natural history and, despite the existence of biochemical recurrence (BCR) predictors, they are still limited in predicting outcomes. The role of testosterone in advanced prostate cancer is well known, however its role in localized prostate cancer is still uncertain. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship of testosterone levels and androgen receptor (AR) expression with oncological and functional outcomes, in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP).
Materials and methods: Through a retrospective study, patients who underwent RRP, who had at least two preoperative total testosterone dosages, were analyzed and compared… More >

YOHKO YAMAZAKI^1,*, MANABU KAWADA², ISAO MOMOSE¹

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.6, pp. 845-853, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030266 - 15 September 2023

Abstract The androgen receptor (AR) is a critical target in all the clinical stages of prostate cancer. To identify a new AR inhibitor, we constructed a new screening system using the androgen-dependent growth of prostate cancer cell lines as a screening indicator. We screened 50,000 culture broths of microorganisms using this screening system and found that the fermentation broth produced by a fungus inhibited androgen-dependent growth of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells without cytotoxicity. Purification of this culture medium was performed, and this resulted in deoxynortryptoquivaline (DNT) being identified as a novel inhibitor of AR function. More > Graphic Abstract

ZICHEN SHAO^1,2,#, CHUNG-YI CHEN^3,#, XUZHOU CHEN¹, HANWU CHEN¹, MENGQIAO SU^1,2, HUI SUN^1,2, YIDAN LI^1,2, BINGHUA TU¹, ZITONG WANG¹, CHI-MING LIU^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.6, pp. 1389-1396, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028222 - 19 May 2023

Abstract Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in middle-aged and elderly men. Enlargement of the prostate causes lower urinary tract symptoms. Capsaicin is a phytochemical extracted from chili peppers and exerts many pharmacological actions, such as anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: Our study investigated the effect of capsaicin in vitro and in a mouse model in vivo. A prostatic stromal myofibroblast cell line (WPMY-1) was co-incubated with testosterone (1 µM) and different concentrations of capsaicin (10–100 µM) for 24 and 48 h. Capsaicin (10–100 µM) significantly inhibited testosterone-treated WPMY-1 cell growth at 48 h by MTT… More >

Jean Hoffman-Censits, Wm. Kevin Kelly

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.21, Suppl.2, pp. 64-69, 2014

Abstract instruction: Introduction: We summarize the development, definitive trials, and practical use of enzalutamide for practicing urologists and medical oncologists. The care paradigm for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a changing landscape, with the ongoing discovery of drivers of cancer progression yielding actionable targets for drug development. Since 2010, sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, abiraterone with prednisone, radium-223 and enzalutamide have been Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved based upon improvement in overall survival in men with mCRPC.
instruction: Materials and methods: A MEDLINE search for "enzalutamide or MDV3100" yielded 258 results. Prospective trials were reviewed. Abstracts from… More >

David Leung, Saravanan Krishnamoorthy, Lawrence Schwartz, Chaitanya Divgi

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.21, Suppl.2, pp. 42-47, 2014

Abstract instruction: Introduction: In conjunction with biomarkers, imaging is an important component of the diagnostic workup and subsequent management of men with prostate cancer.
instruction: Materials and methods: The relevant literature was retrieved from a search of MEDLINE with appropriate keywords.
instruction: Results: Osseous metastases develop in close to 90% of patients with metastatic prostate cancer, thus making bone scans (single photon, using Tc-99m labeled phosphonates) the mainstay of imaging in advanced prostate cancer. Bone scans are limited by their lack of specificity and an unclear relationship between bone scan changes and disease progression or response to therapy. In… More >

Derya Tilki^1,2, Christopher P. Evans¹

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.21, Suppl.2, pp. 7-13, 2014

Abstract instruction: Introduction: One fifth of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard systemic therapy in these patients. Despite initial response, essentially all patients will develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this review, we will discuss the revised definitions of CRPC and the latest understanding of the biology of the androgen/androgen receptor axis in the development of advanced prostate cancer.
instruction: Materials and methods: A systematic literature review was conducted via electronic database articles based on title, abstract, study format, and content. The majority of… More >

Eric A. Singer, Dragan J. Golijanin, Edward M. Messing

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.15, No.6, pp. 4381-4387, 2008

Abstract Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the cornerstone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer for over 65 years. Although there can be worrisome side effects, data will be presented that for men with metastatic prostate cancer, immediate ADT can reduce the likelihood of developing the rare but catastrophic sequellae of metastatic disease, although it is unlikely to prolong survival compared with waiting for symptoms before initiating ADT. Additionally, for patients with extremely high risk prostate cancer that is not distantly metastatic (e.g. have a life expectancy from prostate cancer less than 10 years with all… More >

J. M. Fitzpatrick, R. W. G. Watson

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.10, No.2, pp. 1796-1798, 2003

Abstract The prostate requires androgens for development and glandular maintenance, dying by the process of apoptosis following their removal. Anti-androgen therapy is targeted to induce this process but eventually fails with the emergence of an androgen independent cancer. These cells have development mechanisms to survive with out androgen impart due to the expression of anti-apoptotic factors. More >