Junbin He^1,2, Wuxia Zhang³, Xianyi Liu¹, Jinping Liu^2,*, Guangyi Yang⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 1227-1252, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064402 - 09 June 2025

Abstract The integration of cloud computing into traditional industrial control systems is accelerating the evolution of Industrial Cyber-Physical System (ICPS), enhancing intelligence and autonomy. However, this transition also expands the attack surface, introducing critical security vulnerabilities. To address these challenges, this article proposes a hybrid intrusion detection scheme for securing ICPSs that combines system state anomaly and network traffic anomaly detection. Specifically, an improved variation-Bayesian-based noise covariance-adaptive nonlinear Kalman filtering (IVB-NCA-NLKF) method is developed to model nonlinear system dynamics, enabling optimal state estimation in multi-sensor ICPS environments. Intrusions within the physical sensing system are identified by More >

Zhi Yang^1,2, Xiaohui Zhang^1,2,*, Xinting Tong³, Yutang Zhao⁴, Teng Xia^1,2, Hua Wang^1,2

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 1133-1150, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.061737 - 30 May 2025

Abstract In bottom-blown copper smelting processes, oxygen-enriched air is typically injected into the melt through a lance, generating bubbles that ascend and agitate the melt, enhancing mass, momentum, and heat transfer within the furnace. The melt’s viscosity, which varies across reaction stages, and the operating conditions influence bubble size and dynamics. This study investigates the interplay between melt viscosity and bubble diameter on bubble motion using numerical simulations and experiments. In particular, the volume of fluid (VOF) method and Ω-identification technique were employed to analyze bubble velocity, deformation, trajectories, and wake characteristics. The results showed that More >

Jie Shao¹, Zihao Zhang¹, Quan Xu¹, Tiantian Cai¹, Junye Li¹, Baicheng Xiang¹, Shijie Li¹, Xianfeng Xu^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2291-2307, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.063302 - 29 May 2025

Abstract In response to the complex working conditions of the power grid caused by the high proportion of new energy access, which leads to insufficient output accuracy of the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) phase-locked loop, this article proposes an improved frequency adaptive phase-locked loop structure for SOGI. Firstly, an amplitude compensation branch is introduced to compensate for the SOGI tracking fundamental frequency signal, ensuring the accuracy of the SOGI output orthogonal signal under frequency fluctuation conditions. Secondly, by cascading two adaptive SOGI modules, the suppression capability of low-order harmonics and Direct Current (DC) components has been More >

Flávia Naves Ferreira do Prado¹, Michelle Garcia Gomes¹, Marcela Piassi Bernardo¹, Daniel Pasquini^1,*, Anízio Márcio de Faria², Luís Carlos de Morais^3,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.5, pp. 957-980, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0014 - 20 May 2025

Abstract Alternative methods for biodiesel purification that focus on ease of operation, cost reduction, and elimination of contaminated residues or that are easier to treat have received more attention. The dry wash route was used as an alternative to the wet route in biodiesel production. Filter membranes were developed based on cellulose nanofibers as the matrix and sugarcane bagasse fibers or soy hulls, as reinforcement to the matrix, before and after two chemical treatments (carboxymethylation and regeneration with sulfuric acid). The filters were characterized by permeability capacity, morphology, wettability, porosity, SEM and mechanical properties. The filtered… More > Graphic Abstract

John Nwoanjia¹, Jean Jalin Eyinga Biwôlé^1,2,*, Joseph Zobo Mfomo¹, Evariste Fedoung Fongnzossie¹, Antonio Pizzi², Salomé Ndjakomo Essiane³, Achille Bernard Biwole¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.5, pp. 901-914, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0005 - 20 May 2025

Abstract This review aims to identify the assets and limitations of Dabema (Piptadeniastrum africanum) as a sustainable alternative to traditional timber species for furniture and construction applications. Dabema is characterized by its high density and dimensional stability, meeting ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards for mechanical strength, which is essential for promoting its use. However, its limited availability in trade and ingrained habits of use are obstacles to its widespread commercialization. In addition, thermal and oleothermal treatments have shown great potential for improving the characteristics of this wood, although they require ongoing optimization and rigorous More > Graphic Abstract

Yong Zheng^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4315-4328, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063498 - 19 May 2025

Abstract A recommender system is a tool designed to suggest relevant items to users based on their preferences and behaviors. Collaborative filtering, a popular technique within recommender systems, predicts user interests by analyzing patterns in interactions and similarities between users, leveraging past behavior data to make personalized recommendations. Despite its popularity, collaborative filtering faces notable challenges, and one of them is the issue of grey-sheep users who have unusual tastes in the system. Surprisingly, existing research has not extensively explored outlier detection techniques to address the grey-sheep problem. To fill this research gap, this study conducts… More >

Dang Hung Tran, Van Tinh Nguyen^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4679-4698, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063228 - 19 May 2025

Abstract It is known that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in biological processes and contribute to the progression, development, and treatment of various diseases. Obviously, understanding associations between diseases and lncRNAs significantly enhances our ability to interpret disease mechanisms. Nevertheless, the process of determining lncRNA-disease associations is costly, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. Hence, it is expected to foster computational strategies to uncover lncRNA-disease relationships for further verification to save time and resources. In this study, a collaborative filtering and graph attention network-based LncRNA-Disease Association (CFGANLDA) method was nominated to expose potential lncRNA-disease associations. First, it… More >

Milinda Priyankara Bandara Gamawelagedara¹, Mian Usman Sattar¹, Raza Hasan^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4061-4084, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.062826 - 19 May 2025

Abstract Fuel station drive-offs, wherein the drivers simply drive off without paying, are a major issue in the UK (United Kingdom) due to rising fuel costs and financial hardships. The phenomenon has increased greatly over the last few years, with reports indicating a substantial increase in such events in the major cities. Traditional prevention measures such as Avutec and Driveoffalert rely primarily on expensive infrastructure and blacklisted databases. Such systems typically involve costly camera installation and maintenance and are consequently out of the budget of small fuel stations. These conventional approaches also fall short regarding real-time… More >

Shuxun Li^1,2, Jianwei Wang^1,2,*, Tingjin Ma¹, Guolong Deng^1,2, Wei Li^1,2

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.4, pp. 959-988, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.059570 - 06 May 2025

Abstract In photothermal power (solar energy) generation systems, purging residual molten salt from pipelines using high-pressure gas poses a significant challenge, particularly in clearing the bottom of regulating valves. Ineffective purging can lead to crystallization of the molten salt, resulting in blockages. To address this issue, understanding the gas-liquid two-phase flow dynamics during high-pressure gas purging is crucial. This study utilizes the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model and adaptive dynamic grids to simulate the gas-liquid two-phase flow during the purging process in a DN50 PN50 conventional molten salt regulating valve. Initially, the reliability of the… More >

Wei Dong^1,2,3,4, Fuping Qian^5,*, Gang Li^1,*, Shi’an Zhou⁵, Lei Ding^2,4, Qingda Gao⁵, Xuemin Zeng¹

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.4, pp. 833-849, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.056060 - 06 May 2025

Abstract Nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM) present significant risks to both human health and environmental sustainability. The Integrated Dust Removal and Denitrification Technology (DRDt) offers a more efficient and cost-effective solution for achieving ultralow industrial flue gas emissions; however, its effectiveness is undermined by low catalyst load rates and poor stability in filter materials. This study addresses these limitations by modifying conventional PTFE filter media (PTFE-Tim) through the incorporation of sodium alginate (SA) and dopamine (DA) as modifiers, resulting in two new filter materials: PTFE–SA–MOF and PTFE–DA–MOF. By optimizing the parameters of an orthogonal experimental… More >