RIYAD F. ALZHRANI¹, LAMA BINOBAID², ABDULAZIZ A. ALORAINI¹, MESHAL S. ALSAHLI¹, AHMED H. BAKHEIT³, HANADI H. ASIRI³, SABRY M. ATTIA², ALI ALHOSHANI², GAMALELDIN I. HARISA^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 919-935, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.054537 - 19 March 2025

Abstract Objective: Prostate cancer (PCA) is the second most widespread cancer among men globally, with a rising mortality rate. Enzyme-responsive lipid nanoparticles (ERLNs) are promising vectors for the selective delivery of anticancer agents to tumor cells. The goal of this study is to fabricate ERLNs for dual delivery of gefitinib (GF) and simvastatin (SV) to PCA cells. Methods: ERLNs loaded with GF and SV (ERLNGFSV) were assembled using bottom-up and top-down techniques. Subsequently, these ERLN cargoes were coated with triacylglycerol, and phospholipids and capped with chitosan (CS). The ERLNGFSV, and CS engineered ERLNGFSV (CERLNGFSV) formulations were… More > Graphic Abstract

Mohammed A. Fayad^1,*, Amera A. Radhi¹, Marwa K. Abood², Hind A. AL Salihi¹, Miqdam T. Chaichan¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 929-941, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.061612 - 07 March 2025

Abstract Oxygenated fuels can reduce harmful emissions without affecting engine performance, meeting the big challenge in the transportation industry, which keeps the environment safe and reduces global warming. This study investigates the impact of biodiesel injection strategies and fuel injection pressures (FIP) on diesel engine exhaust emission characteristics. The engine is fuelled with 20% Jatropha biodiesel (JB) and 80% diesel, named JB20D. The ratios of fuel injection pressures started with injecting the fuel (diesel and JB20D) from 200 bar to 500 bar. The experimental outcomes indicate that the engine performance of brake-specific fuel consumption increased by More > Graphic Abstract

Jalil Ahmad^1,*, Muhammad Munir^2,*, Nashi Alqahtani^2,3, Tahira Alyas⁴, Muhammad Ahmad⁵, Sadia Bashir⁶, Fasiha Qurashi⁷, Abdul Ghafoor⁸, Hassan Ali–Dinar²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.2, pp. 281-302, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.061534 - 06 March 2025

Abstract A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand. On the other hand, given the current climate change and population growth, agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable. Consequently, innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand. The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise. Nanoparticles (NPs) typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier, optimizing photosynthesis, stimulating enzymatic activity for defense, elevating More >

Cheng Sun^1,3, Chen Zhao^2,3, Guohua Wang^2,3, Qianwen Mao^2,3, Rong Han^2,3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.2, pp. 455-479, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.061462 - 06 March 2025

Abstract Enhanced UV-B radiation represents a major environmental factor impacting global cereal production. Researchers have explored various approaches to reduce the detrimental impact of UV-B radiation on crops. Recently, engineered nanoparticles, particularly cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂-NPs), have attracted widespread interest for their ability to boost plant tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses. This study investigates how CeO₂-NPs application affects the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and transcriptomics profiles of wheat seedling roots subjected to enhanced UV-B stress. The findings demonstrate that CeO₂-NPs notably promoted root length, fresh and dry weights, and root activity (p < 0.05) under enhanced UV-B… More >

Abdelilah Makaoui¹, El Bachir Lahmer^1,*, Jaouad Benhamou^1,2, Mohammed Amine Moussaoui¹, Ahmed Mezrhab¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 207-230, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.060166 - 26 February 2025

Abstract This study focuses on numerically investigating thermal behavior within a differentially heated cavity filled with nanofluid with and without obstacles. Numerical comparison with previous studies proves the consistency and efficacy of the lattice Boltzmann method associated with a single relaxation time and its possibility of studying the nanofluid and heat transfer with high accuracy. Key parameters, including nanoparticle type and concentration, Rayleigh number, fluid basis, and obstacle position and dimension, were examined to identify optimal conditions for enhancing heat transfer quality. Principal findings indicated that increasing the Rayleigh number boosts buoyancy forces and alters vortex More > Graphic Abstract

Haris Alam Zuberi¹, Madan Lal¹, Amol Singh¹, Nurul Amira Zainal^2,3,*, Ali J. Chamkha⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.2, pp. 1839-1864, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.056661 - 27 January 2025

Abstract Nanotechnology holds immense importance in the biomedical field due to its ability to revolutionize healthcare on a molecular scale. Motivated by the imperative of enhancing patient outcomes, a comprehensive numerical simulation study on the dynamics of blood flow in a stenosed artery, focusing on the effects of copper and alumina nanoparticles, is conducted. The study employs a 2-dimensional Newtonian blood flow model infused with copper and alumina nanoparticles, considering the influence of a magnetic field, thermal radiation, and various flow parameters. The governing differential equations are first non-dimensionalized to facilitate analysis and subsequently solved using… More >

Saeed Dinarvand^*, Amirmohammad Abbasi, Sogol Gharsi

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 37-60, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.057545 - 24 January 2025

Abstract The present review explores the promising role of nanofluids and related hybrid variants in enhancing the efficiency of flat tube car radiators. As vehicles become more advanced and demand better thermal performance, traditional coolants are starting to fall short. Nanofluids, which involve tiny nanoparticles dispersed into standard cooling liquids, offer a new solution by significantly improving heat transfer capabilities. The article categorizes the different types of nanofluids (ranging from those based on metals and metal oxides to carbon materials and hybrid combinations) and examines their effects on the improvement of radiator performance. General consensus More >

Chakar Khadija^*, El Mouden Mahmoud, Hajjaji Abdelowahed

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 61-70, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.053458 - 24 January 2025

Abstract The primary objective of this study is to develop an innovative theoretical model to accurately predict the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids designed to enhance cooling in solar panel applications. This research lays the groundwork for our future studies, which will focus on photovoltaic thermal applications. These nanofluids consist of water and nanoparticles of alumina (Al₂O₃), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and copper (Cu), exploring volumetric concentrations ranging from 0% to 4% for each type of nanoparticle, and up to 10% for total mixtures. The developed model accounts for complex interactions between the nanoparticles and the base fluid, More >

MERYEM A. ABDESSALEM, SIRIN A. ADHAM^*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 27-44, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056955 - 20 December 2024

Abstract Nanotechnology in cancer therapy has significantly advanced treatment precision, effectiveness, and safety, improving patient outcomes and personalized care. Engineered smart nanoparticles and cell-based therapies are designed to target tumor cells, precisely sensing the tumor microenvironment (TME) and sparing normal cells. These nanoparticles enhance drug accumulation in tumors by solubilizing insoluble compounds or preventing their degradation, and they can also overcome therapy resistance and deliver multiple drugs simultaneously. Despite these benefits, challenges remain in patient-specific responses and regulatory approvals for cell-based or nanoparticle therapies. Cell-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) that primarily utilize the immune-recognition principle between… More > Graphic Abstract

SOROUSH SOLEYMANI¹, MOHAMMAD DOROUDIAN^2,*, MAHDIEH SOEZI^3,4, ALI BELADI⁵, KIARASH ASGARI², ASO MOBARAKSHAHI², ARYANA AGHAEIPOUR², RONAN MACLOUGHLIN^6,7,8,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 15-26, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.053069 - 20 December 2024

Abstract Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors. Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis. One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system. The blood-brain barrier is cooperating with advanced stages of malignancy. The blood-brain barrier poses a significant challenge to delivering systemic medications to brain tumors. Nanodrug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for effectively crossing this barrier. Additionally, the development of smart nanoparticles brings new hope More >