CHIOMA C. EZEUKO^#, SANDANI V. T. WIJERATHNE^#, QIANA L. MATTHEWS^*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.9, pp. 1605-1629, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065474 - 25 September 2025

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have arisen as potential therapeutic tools in managing infectious diseases because EVs can regulate cell-to-cell signaling, function as drug transport mechanisms, and influence immune reactions. They are obtained from a myriad of sources, such as plants, humans, and animal cells. EVs like exosomes and ectosomes can be utilized in their native form as therapeutics or engineered to encompass antimicrobials, vaccines, and oligonucleotides of interest with a targeted delivery strategy. An in-depth understanding of host-pathogen dynamics provides a solid foundation for exploiting its full potential in therapeutics against infectious diseases. This review mainly More >

Raffaele Carrano^1,#, Carlotta Zucca^1,#, Nicla Cristina¹, Martina Grande¹, Eleonora Leti Maggio¹, Riccardo Bei², Antonio Infante², Chiara Focaccetti¹, Valeria Lucarini³, Loredana Cifaldi¹, Laura Masuelli⁴, Luciano Mutti⁵, Camilla Palumbo¹, Monica Benvenuto¹, Roberto Bei^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.9, pp. 2181-2204, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.066708 - 28 August 2025

Abstract Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Despite recent advances, conventional treatment approaches remain largely ineffective due to late diagnosis, chemoresistance and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review reports the latest studies on combination therapies for mesothelioma, focusing on the potential of integrating chemotherapeutic agents, molecularly targeted agents, vaccines and natural bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate that integrating immune-modulating drugs or molecular inhibitors with chemotherapy can improve survival and reduce tumor progression in mesothelioma models and patients. Vaccine-based strategies show potential for inducing More > Graphic Abstract

Wenfei Luo^1,#, Dingming Song^2,#, Yibo He³, Judong Song^4,*, Yunzhen Ding^5,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.8, pp. 1875-1893, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.063843 - 18 July 2025

Abstract Malignant melanoma, characterized by its high metastatic potential and resistance to conventional therapies, presents a major challenge in oncology. This review explores the current status and advancements in tumor vaccines for melanoma, focusing on peptide, DNA/RNA, dendritic cell, tumor cell, and neoantigen-based vaccines. Despite promising results, significant challenges remain, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, patient heterogeneity, and the need for more effective antigen presentation. Recent strategies, such as combining vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), aim to counteract immune evasion and enhance T cell responses. Emerging approaches, including personalized neoantigen vaccines and the use of More > Graphic Abstract

MARTA SANTOS¹, DIANA MARTINS^1,2,3,4, FERNANDO MENDES^1,2,3,4,5,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 263-281, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.052207 - 16 January 2025

Abstract Background: Gastric Cancer (GC) is the 5th most prevalent and 4th most deadly neoplasm globally. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach in GC, potentially improving positive clinical outcomes while addressing the limitations of conventional therapies. GC immunotherapy modalities consist of adoptive cell therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Objectives: This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the advances in immune-based therapeutic approaches in GC, highlighting the potential of this therapy as a strategy for GC treatment. Methods: Key studies investigating several immunotherapeutic agents and combination therapies were searched in… More > Graphic Abstract

SHUBHRA CHANDRA^1,2, JENNIFER C. WILSON^1,2, DAVID GOOD³, MING Q. WEI^1,2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.10, pp. 1543-1564, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.043987 - 18 September 2024

Abstract The advent of RNA therapy, particularly through the development of mRNA cancer vaccines, has ushered in a new era in the field of oncology. This article provides a concise overview of the key principles, recent advancements, and potential implications of mRNA cancer vaccines as a groundbreaking modality in cancer treatment. mRNA cancer vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to combatting cancer by leveraging the body’s innate immune system. These vaccines are designed to deliver specific mRNA sequences encoding cancer-associated antigens, prompting the immune system to recognize and mount a targeted response against malignant cells. This personalized… More > Graphic Abstract

PRIYADHARSHINI THANJAVUR SRIRAMAMOORTHI^1,2, GAYATHRI GOPAL^1,2, SHIBI MURALIDAR^1,2, SAI RAMANAN ESWARAN^1,2, DANUSH NARAYAN PANNEERSELVAM^1,2, BHUVANESWARAN MEIYANATHAN^1,2, SRICHANDRASEKAR THUTHIKKADU INDHUPRAKASH^1,2, SENTHIL VISAGA AMBI^1,2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.11, pp. 2335-2350, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.029379 - 27 November 2023

Abstract The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide and threatening people greatly. The routes by which SARS-CoV-2 causes lung injury have grown to be a major concern in the scientific community since patients with new Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have a high likelihood of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe cases. The mortality rate of COVID-19 has increased over the period due to rapid spread, and it becomes crucial to understand the disease epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, and suitable treatment strategies. ARDS is a respiratory disorder and is one of the… More > Graphic Abstract

Asma Qaiser¹, Saman Hina¹, Abdul Karim Kazi^1,*, Saad Ahmed², Raheela Asif³

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.1, pp. 73-90, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.036784 - 29 April 2023

Abstract In the past few years, social media and online news platforms have played an essential role in distributing news content rapidly. Consequently. verification of the authenticity of news has become a major challenge. During the COVID-19 outbreak, misinformation and fake news were major sources of confusion and insecurity among the general public. In the first quarter of the year 2020, around 800 people died due to fake news relevant to COVID-19. The major goal of this research was to discover the best learning model for achieving high accuracy and performance. A novel case study of More >

Alvaro Morales

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.24, No.3, pp. 8788-8793, 2017

Abstract Introduction: It is 40 years since the initial documentation of the efficacy of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and probably an opportune a time as any to retrace the origins of this development and to reflect on the progress that has occurred on the use of immune modifiers in the treatment of NMIBC.
Materials and methods: A PubMed search for publications on the history of BCG was conducted, and those related to the development of the vaccine for protection against tuberculosis as well as those published in the last 40… More >

Andrew J. Armstrong, Michael A. Carducci

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.12, Suppl.3, pp. 42-47, 2005

Abstract The demonstration of a survival benefit with docetaxel for the treatment of metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) is an important step forward in advancing treatment options for advanced prostate cancer. While docetaxel-based therapy has demonstrated improvement in symptomatic and quality-of-life endpoints, certainly there is a pressing need for improvement in outcomes. A number of novel agents are in basic and clinical development for advanced prostate cancer, some of which are specific to mechanisms that may be important in the development and spread of prostate cancer. Novel approaches including novel cytotoxics, immunotherapy, PSMA targeted monoclonal More >