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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Nanocellulose-Based Adhesives for Sustainable Wood-Polymer Composites: Recent Advancement and Future Perspective

    Amelia Hariry1, Efri Mardawati1,2,*, Apri Heri Iswanto3, Tati Karliati4, Lukmanul Hakim Zaini5,6,*, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis2,7

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 773-798, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.058359 - 21 April 2025

    Abstract Nanocellulose-based adhesives are gaining attention as a viable alternative to conventional adhesives, offering benefits such as cost-effectiveness and scalability, which make them suitable for various sectors, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biodegradable products, and as reinforcing agents in natural adhesives. This review delves into the current advancements in nanocellulose-based adhesive solutions for sustainable and eco-friendly wood composites, using systematic review methods and bibliometric analysis. Data were collected from the Scopus database, spanning from 2007 to 2024, and visualized using VOSviewer to highlight emerging trends in the field. The analysis revealed that nanocellulose shows great potential as a More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Preparation of Flaxseed Meal Protein Renewable Bioadhesive by Using Small Proportions of Trimethylolpropane Trigglycidyl Ether and Ethylenediamine

    Chenglong Zhong1, Xianfeng Hou1,*, Shuai Peng1, Zhenzhong Gao1, Qiaofang Zhou1, Shijing Yan2

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 297-310, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049534 - 20 February 2025

    Abstract The main raw material utilized in wood adhesives comes from petrochemical extractives. However, due to the excessive dependence on petrochemical resources and the adverse impact on the ecosystem and human well-being, there is an increasing trend to develop byproduct protein-based adhesives in the current global food safety context. In this research, flaxseed meal was subjected to pretreatment, and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TTE) and ethylenediamine (EN) were utilized as crosslinkers to establish a more compact adhesive layer and to prevent water intrusion. The pretreatment decreased the FM/UB viscosity by 60% compared to FM. The combination… More > Graphic Abstract

    Preparation of Flaxseed Meal Protein Renewable Bioadhesive by Using Small Proportions of Trimethylolpropane Trigglycidyl Ether and Ethylenediamine

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Recent Developments in Bioadhesives and Binders

    Hong Lei1, Xiaojian Zhou2, Antonio Pizzi3,*, Guanben Du2,*, Xuedong Xi2

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 199-249, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02024-0048 - 20 February 2025

    Abstract This review is composed of three main parts each of which is written by well-known top specialists that have been, in a way or other, also the main participants of the majority of the developments reported. Thus, after a general part covering the grand lines and more in-depth views of more recent tannin, lignin, carbohydrate and soy bioadhesives, some mix of the other bio raw materials with soy protein and soy flour and some other differently sourced bioadhesives for wood, this review presents a more in-depth part on starch-based wood adhesives and a more in-depth… More > Graphic Abstract

    Recent Developments in Bioadhesives and Binders

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    Study on Repair of Cracked Aircraft Structures with Single-Sided Bonded Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Patches

    Junshan Hu1,2,*, Shiqing Mi1, Jinrong Fang1, Wei Tian1

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.31, No.4, pp. 1-2, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011840

    Abstract This research aims to investigate efficient repair techniques of cracked Ti-alloy aircraft structures with adhesively bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite patches. The repaired specimens in the configuration of a Ti-alloy butt joint with one-side bonded composite patch were prepared under multiple repair factors including patch thickness, patch length, adhesive thickness, cure pressure, patch layup and surface treatment. The repair efficiency was evaluated by loading behavior, bonded interface microstructure and failure mode. The three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model has been established. Based on 3D Hashin failure criteria, the damage initiation and evolution in CFRP were… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Termite Resistance of Heat-Treated Eucalyptus OSB Bonded with Eco-Friendly Castor Oil Adhesive

    Estefani S. Sugahara1,2,3,*, André M. A. Dias1,3, Fernanda D. Maffioletti5, Juarez B. Paes5, André L. Christoforo4, Edson C. Botelho2, Alfredo M. P. G. Dias1,3, Cristiane I. Campos2

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.11, pp. 1911-1925, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056198 - 22 November 2024

    Abstract Over the last decade, the oriented strand board (OSB) market presented meaningful growth. However, as a wood-based product, because of its anatomical structure and chemical composition, OSB can be damaged by biodeterioration agents. Given that, the biodeterioration of OSB panels must be investigated to improve its durability. In this way, this work analyses the biological resistance against termites (Cryptotermes brevis and Nasutitermes corniger) of heat-treated OSB panels made with Eucalyptus wood glued with vegetable-based polyurethane-an eco-friendly and sustainable adhesive derived from castor oil. Various panels were produced with different layers compositions (face:core:face of 25:50:25 and 30:40:30) in wood… More > Graphic Abstract

    Termite Resistance of Heat-Treated Eucalyptus OSB Bonded with Eco-Friendly Castor Oil Adhesive

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Influence of Formulation and Hot-Pressing Conditions on the Performance of Bio-Based Molasses Adhesive for Plywood

    Jajang Sutiawan1, Alifah Syahfitri2, Sukma Surya Kusumah1, Dede Hermawan2,*, Rita Kartika Sari2, Luthfi Hakim3, Efri Mardawati4,5, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis1,4,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.8, pp. 1383-1397, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052052 - 06 September 2024

    Abstract Molasses can serve as a natural adhesive for plywood and particleboard. However, several disadvantages remain, including lower dimensional stability and low bonding strength compared to other adhesives. Therefore, modifications are needed to use molasses as an adhesive for plywood. This research aims to improve bio-based molasses (MO) adhesive for plywood using citric acid (CA) adhesive. In addition, this research aims to analyze the effect of adding citric acid and to investigate the optimum hot-pressing temperature to produce the best quality plywood. In the first stage, the molasses and citric acid were combined in a ratio… More > Graphic Abstract

    Influence of Formulation and Hot-Pressing Conditions on the Performance of Bio-Based Molasses Adhesive for Plywood

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Overview of the Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesive for Wood-Based Composites

    Awanda Wira Anggini1,2, Rita Kartika Sari2, Efri Mardawati3,4, Tati Karliati5, Apri Heri Iswanto6, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis1,4,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.7, pp. 1165-1186, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.051854 - 21 August 2024

    Abstract More than a century after its initial synthesis, urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins still have dominant applications as adhesives, paints, and coatings. However, formaldehyde in this industry produces formaldehyde emissions that are dangerous to health. Scientists have spent the last decade replacing formaldehyde and phenol with environmentally friendly substances such as glyoxal and tannin to create bio-based adhesives. This review covers recent advances in synthesizing glyoxal tannin-based resins, especially those made from sustainable raw material substitutes and changes made to synthetic processes to improve mechanical properties. The efficacy of using tannin-glyoxal adhesives in producing wood-based composites has… More > Graphic Abstract

    Overview of the Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesive for Wood-Based Composites

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Structural Elucidation of the Polymeric Condensed Tannins of Acacia nilotica Subspecies by 13C NMR, MALDI-TOF and TMA as Sources of Bioadhesives

    Zeinab Osman1,2,3,*, Antonio Pizzi2,*, Bertrand Charrier3

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.7, pp. 1291-1310, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.051619 - 21 August 2024

    Abstract Tannin was extracted from different subspecies of Acacia nilotica, Acacia nilotica nilotica (Ann), Acacia nilotica tomentosa (Ant) and Acacia nilotica adansonii (Ana). The aim was to elucidate their structure and evaluate their reactivity as bioadhesives in the wood industry. The extracts were prepared by hot water extraction (90°C temperature). Their gel time with paraformaldehyde was used at first to compare their reactivity. The tannin contents and the percentage of total polyphenolic materials in different solutions of the extracts spray dried powder were determined by the hide powder method. Concentrated solutions (47%) were tested by both MALDI ToF, CNMR.… More > Graphic Abstract

    Structural Elucidation of the Polymeric Condensed Tannins of <i>Acacia nilotica</i> Subspecies by <sup>13</sup>C NMR, MALDI-TOF and TMA as Sources of Bioadhesives

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Adhesion of Technical Lignin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Bonding

    Jaewook Lee1, Byung-Dae Park1,*, Qinglin Wu2

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.7, pp. 1187-1205, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049948 - 21 August 2024

    Abstract Lignin is the most abundant aromatic natural polymer, and receiving great attention in replacing various petroleum-based polymers. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of technical lignin as a polyol for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) adhesives to substitute current polyurethane (PU) adhesives that have been synthesized with toxic isocyanate and polyols. Crude hardwood kraft lignin (C-HKL) was extracted from black liquor from a pulp mill followed by acetone fractionation to obtain acetone soluble-HKL (AS-HKL). Then, C-HKL, AS-HKL, and softwood sodium lignosulfonate (LS) were used for the synthesis of technical lignin-based… More > Graphic Abstract

    Adhesion of Technical Lignin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesives for Wood Bonding

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Properties of Bark Particleboard Bonded with Demethylated Lignin Adhesives Derived from Leucaena leucocephala Bark

    Rafidah Md Salim1,2,*, Jahimin Asik2, Mohd Sani Sarjadi2

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.4, pp. 737-769, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.045695 - 12 June 2024

    Abstract Lignin extraction from bark can maximize the utilization of biomass waste, offer cost-effectiveness, and promote environmental friendliness when employed as an adhesive material in bark particleboard production. Particles of fine (0.2 to 1.0 mm), medium (1.0 to 2.5 mm), and coarse (2.5 to 12.0 mm) sizes, derived from the bark of Leucaena leucocephala, were hot-pressed using a heating plate at 175°C for 7 min to create single-layer particleboards measuring 320 mm × 320 mm × 10 mm, targeting a density of 700 kg/m. Subsequently, the samples were trimmed and conditioned at 20°C and 65% relative humidity.… More > Graphic Abstract

    Properties of Bark Particleboard Bonded with Demethylated Lignin Adhesives Derived from <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> Bark

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