Baiyue Song¹, Chenxi Zhang², Wei Zhang^2,*, Leiyu Wan²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.12, pp. 4919-4945, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068971 - 27 November 2025

Abstract Hydrogen energy is a crucial support for China’s low-carbon energy transition. With the large-scale integration of renewable energy, the combination of hydrogen and integrated energy systems has become one of the most promising directions of development. This paper proposes an optimized scheduling model for a hydrogen-coupled electro-heat-gas integrated energy system (HCEHG-IES) using generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL). The model aims to enhance renewable-energy absorption, reduce carbon emissions, and improve grid-regulation flexibility. First, the optimal scheduling problem of HCEHG-IES under uncertainty is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). To overcome the limitations of conventional deep… More >

Yukun Yang^*, Jun He, Wenfeng Chen, Zhi Li, Kun Chen

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4653-4678, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068199 - 27 October 2025

Abstract To address the issues of unclear carbon responsibility attribution, insufficient renewable energy absorption, and simplistic carbon trading mechanisms in integrated energy systems, this paper proposes an electric-heat-hydrogen integrated energy system (EHH-IES) optimal scheduling model considering carbon emission stream (CES) and wind-solar accommodation. First, the CES theory is introduced to quantify the carbon emission intensity of each energy conversion device and transmission branch by defining carbon emission rate, branch carbon intensity, and node carbon potential, realizing accurate tracking of carbon flow in the process of multi-energy coupling. Second, a stepped carbon pricing mechanism is established to… More >

Yuanfei Wei^1,2, Panpan Song³, Qifang Luo^3,4,*, Yongquan Zhou^1,2,3,4

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.1, pp. 1235-1265, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066527 - 29 August 2025

Abstract The combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem is a highly intricate energy dispatch challenge that aims to minimize fuel costs while adhering to various constraints. This paper presents a hybrid differential evolution (DE) algorithm combined with an improved equilibrium optimizer (DE-IEO) specifically for the CHPED problem. The DE-IEO incorporates three enhancement strategies: a chaotic mechanism for initializing the population, an improved equilibrium pool strategy, and a quasi-opposite based learning mechanism. These strategies enhance the individual utilization capabilities of the equilibrium optimizer, while differential evolution boosts local exploitation and escape capabilities. The IEO enhances… More >

Aidong Zeng^1,2,*, Zirui Wang¹, Jiawei Wang ³, Sipeng Hao^1,2, Mingshen Wang⁴

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.9, pp. 3793-3816, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069410 - 26 August 2025

Abstract With the intensification of the energy crisis and the worsening greenhouse effect, the development of sustainable integrated energy systems (IES) has become a crucial direction for energy transition. In this context, this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch strategy under the green hydrogen certificate trading (GHCT) and the ladder-type carbon emission trading (CET) mechanism, enabling the coordinated utilization of green and blue hydrogen. Specifically, a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEME) model that accounts for dynamic efficiency characteristics, and a steam methane reforming (SMR) model incorporating waste heat recovery, are developed. Based on these models, a… More > Graphic Abstract

Chuan Yuan¹, Chang Liu^2,3, Shijun Chen¹, Weiting Xu^2,3, Jing Gou¹, Ke Xu^2,3, Zhengbo Li^4,*, Youbo Liu⁴

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.9, pp. 3573-3593, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067785 - 26 August 2025

Abstract The increasing penetration of second-life battery energy storage systems (SLBESS) in power grids presents substantial challenges to system operation and control due to the heterogeneous characteristics and uncertain degradation patterns of repurposed batteries. This paper presents a novel model-free adaptive voltage control-embedded dung beetle-inspired heuristic optimization algorithm for optimal SLBESS capacity configuration and power dispatch. To simultaneously address the computational complexity and ensure system stability, this paper develops a comprehensive bilevel optimization framework. At the upper level, a dung beetle optimization algorithm determines the optimal SLBESS capacity configuration by minimizing total lifecycle costs while incorporating… More >

Md. Fatin Ishraque¹, Akhlaqur Rahman², Kamil Ahmad¹, Sk. A. Shezan^3,*, Md. Meheraf Hossain¹, Sheikh Rashel Al Ahmed¹, Md. Iasir Arafat¹, Noor E Nahid Bintu⁴

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.8, pp. 3347-3375, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067492 - 24 July 2025

Abstract In this research work, the localized generation from renewable resources and the distribution of energy to agricultural loads, which is a local microgrid concept, have been considered, and its feasibility has been assessed. Two dispatch algorithms, named Cycle Charging and Load Following, are implemented to find the optimal solution (i.e., net cost, operation cost, carbon emission. energy cost, component sizing, etc.) of the hybrid system. The microgrid is also modeled in the DIgSILENT Power Factory platform, and the respective power system responses are then evaluated. The development of dispatch algorithms specifically tailored for agricultural applications… More >

Linwei Yao^1,*, Xiangning Lin^1,2, Huashen He¹, Jiahui Yang¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.8, pp. 3285-3308, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.066628 - 24 July 2025

Abstract In order to address the synergistic optimization of energy efficiency improvement in the waste incineration power plant (WIPP) and renewable energy accommodation, an electricity-hydrogen-waste multi-energy system integrated with phase change material (PCM) thermal storage is proposed. First, a thermal energy management framework is constructed, combining PCM thermal storage with the alkaline electrolyzer (AE) waste heat recovery and the heat pump (HP), while establishing a PCM-driven waste drying system to enhance the efficiency of waste incineration power generation. Next, a flue gas treatment method based on purification-separation-storage coordination is adopted, achieving spatiotemporal decoupling between waste incineration… More >

Cuiping Li¹, Jiacheng Sun¹, Qiang Li², Qi Guo², Junhui Li^1,*, Shuo Yu², Jingbo Wang², Wenze Li²

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.8, pp. 3055-3077, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.064440 - 24 July 2025

Abstract The penetration rate of new wind and photovoltaic energy in the power system has increased significantly, and the dramatic fluctuation of the net load of the grid has led to a severe lack of flexibility in the regional grid. This paper proposes a hierarchical optimal dispatch strategy for a high proportion of new energy power systems that considers the balanced response of grid flexibility. Firstly, various flexibility resource regulation capabilities on the source-load side are analyzed, and then flexibility demand and flexibility response are matched, and flexibility demand response assessment is proposed; then, a hierarchical… More >

Yunfeng Liu, Ximin Cao^*, Yanchi Zhang

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.7, pp. 2865-2890, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.065419 - 27 June 2025

Abstract Against the backdrop of China’s “dual-carbon” target, clean energy generation currently accounts for about 3.8 trillion kilowatt-hours, or 39.7 percent of total power generation, establishing a reasonable market trading mechanism while enhancing the low-carbon economic benefits of the integrated energy system (IES) and optimizing the interests of various entities within the distribution system has become a significant challenge. Consequently, this paper proposes an optimization strategy for a low-carbon economy within a multi-agent IES that considers carbon capture systems (CCS) and power-to-gas (P2G). In this framework, the integrated energy system operator (IESO) acts as the primary… More >

Bin Jiang¹, Houbin Wang^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.5, pp. 2001-2057, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062765 - 25 April 2025

Abstract Considering the special features of dynamic environment economic dispatch of power systems with high dimensionality, strong coupling, nonlinearity, and non-convexity, a GA-DE multi-objective optimization algorithm based on dual-population pseudo-parallel genetic algorithm-differential evolution is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on external elite archive and Pareto dominance, and it adopts the cooperative co-evolution mechanism of differential evolution and genetic algorithm. Average entropy and cubic chaotic mapping initialization strategies are proposed to increase population diversity. In the proposed method, we analyze the distribution of neighboring solutions and apply a new Pareto solution set pruning approach.… More >