Aisha Tanveer¹, Noraini Ibrahim¹, Muhammad Zubair Rehman^2,*, Abdullah Khan³, Nazri Mohd. Nawi¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.085167 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Metaheuristic optimization algorithms have gained wide adoption in engineering and scientific domains. However, many swarm-based methods struggle to balance exploration and exploitation, often converging prematurely on suboptimal solutions. The Sand Cat Swarm Optimization (SCSO) algorithm is one such method, with limited exploration ability constraining its performance on complex problem landscapes. This paper introduced the Enhanced Sand Cat with Selective Opposition (ESCSO) algorithm which combines opposition-based learning with a velocity mechanism to overcome this limitation. In ESCSO, under-performing candidates referred to as Sigma-variant cats are identified using Spearman correlation and replaced with their opposite solutions to More >

Kiran Saleem¹, Upinder Kaur^2,*, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alamoudi³, Mai Alduailij⁴, Ahmad Subhi Salem Mufleh⁵, Ateeq Ur Rehman^6,*, Salil Bharany⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.083670 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are exceedingly critical for large-scale underwater applications, such as environmental monitoring, infrastructure inspection, target tracking, and marine surveillance. Nevertheless, network lifetime and communication reliability are severely constrained by harsh underwater acoustic conditions, limited battery power, large propagation delays, node mobility, and uneven energy consumption. In response to these issues, this study proposes a Climate-Aware Hybrid Clustering and Routing (CA-HCR-UWSN) framework to enable sustainable, long-term underwater monitoring. This work proposes a hybrid framework that combines Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) with the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) to provide an effective solution to… More >

Muayed Khaleel Ibrahim¹, Shaymaa Hashim Aneed², Nidhal Saleh Mohammed², Kareem Ali Jasim², Mudatheer M. Al-Slivani^3,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.082607 - 07 August 2026

Abstract This study investigates the structural evolution and DC electrical properties of Pb_50−xGe_xTe₅₀ ternary chalcogenide alloys with varying germanium concentrations (x = 5, 10, 15, 20). Synthesized via the melt-quenching technique, the alloys were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and temperature-dependent electrical resistivity measurements within the range of 290–475 K. Microstructural analysis revealed that increasing Ge substitution significantly promotes matrix densification, reducing porosity and improving inter-granular connectivity. The DC conductivity exhibits a systematic increase with Ge content up to x = 15, attributed to the increased density of defect states. For instance, as Ge content increases… More >

Lianglei Yin¹, Shuhong Li^1,*, Jun Wu², Jianbing Zhu², Jingjie An², Wei Sheng³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.084035 - 06 August 2026

Abstract To reduce the reheating energy consumption in traditional constant temperature and humidity air conditioning systems, a constant temperature and humidity air conditioning system with condensation heat compensation function is proposed. This system performs reheating treatment on the supply air by combining condensation heat recovery with electric heating, realizing decoupled control of temperature and humidity and ensuring control accuracy. A system model and corresponding experimental platform are established to verify the model’s accuracy, and the experimental results show that the system has a temperature control accuracy of ±0.2°C and a relative humidity control accuracy of ±2%. More >

Bindu Vadlamudi¹, Subhojit Dawn^1,*, Ishwarya Devarakonda¹, Sri Hari Priya Lanka¹, Sujan Turaka¹, Taha Selim Ustun^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.083555 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Agricultural irrigation consumes a large share of electricity in rural areas, creating predictable peak conditions on distribution systems that can lead to grid instability and unreliability. Classic load-forecasting and scheduling methods are time-consuming and unable to respond rapidly to fluctuating irrigation demand. Additionally, most traditional methods require a stable internet connection to function and therefore cannot readily adapt to seasonal changes or crop-specific irrigation requirements. This creates inefficiencies in energy consumption and inconsistencies in water delivery to consumers. To reduce these drawbacks, this research proposes a framework for irrigation forecasting and dynamic scheduling for agricultural… More >

Fatin Nadhirah¹, Surajudeen Sikiru^1,2,*, Mohd Muzamir Mahat^1,3

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.082624 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Agricultural waste has received increased attention as a sustainable precursor for activated carbon manufacture because of its availability, inexpensive price, and ecological benefits. However, the search for the right biomass and optimization of the activation process remain one of the major challenges in the production of high-performance composites in energy storage applications. In this study, pyrolysis of durian and eggshells was performed for activated carbon production using sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) and orthophosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) as activating agents, then combined both together with a ratio of 1:1 to produce a hybrid activated carbon to increase the performance… More >

Fan Zhang, Lingxin Liao^*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.082305 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Against the backdrop of the global climate governance paradigm shifting from “consensus building” to “action implementation”, how climate risk drives the green transformation of energy enterprises has become a critical research topic. Based on a sample of Chinese A-share listed energy enterprises from 2016 to 2024, this paper systematically examines the impact of climate risk on green transformation and the mediating role of R&D innovation. This study finds that climate risk accelerates the green transformation of energy enterprises, and this conclusion remains robust after replacing the measurement approaches of core variables. Second, mechanism tests indicate More >

Theint Theint Maw, Shuai Zhou^*, Tek Tjing Lie

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.081744 - 06 August 2026

Abstract The rapid deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs), including photovoltaic (PV) generation, wind turbines (WT), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and electric vehicles (EVs), is transforming modern distribution networks by introducing bidirectional power flows, voltage variations, and increased operational complexity, thereby require enhanced system resilience. This paper presents a systematic review of multi-objective optimization approaches for interconnected multi-microgrid (MMG) systems with explicit consideration of resilience, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A structured literature search and screening process was conducted across major databases, including IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, covering publications from 2015 to 2026. The More >

Tommaso Ferrucci^1,*, Francesco Roncallo², Marta Lupattelli², Nikola Matak³, Smail Zouggar⁴, Hassan Zahboune⁴, Carolina Pastor De Paz⁵, Adrian Alarcon Becerra⁶, Alexis Godefroy⁷

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.081159 - 06 August 2026

Abstract Mini-grids are increasingly regarded as a key pathway for expanding reliable and low-carbon electricity access in developing countries, but the models used to plan them often differ substantially in scope, temporal resolution, spatial detail, and techno-economic representation. This paper reviews and compares five modelling tools developed within the EMERGE project: Hosting Capacity, Optimal Storage Placement, GREENADVISE, CEPIA, and PowSyBl-METRIX. A generalized techno-economic framework is introduced to provide a common basis for comparison, covering objective functions, decision variables, operational constraints, temporal and spatial resolution, solver structure, economic indicators, and the treatment of renewable variability and local… More >

Yiqun Kang^1,*, Zhe Li¹, Li You¹, Haozhe Xiong², Yuxuan Hu³, Fei Wang^4,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.078724 - 06 August 2026

Abstract As the world’s energy framework shifts towards a low-carbon model, the widespread incorporation of renewable energy (RE) sources, primarily wind power and photovoltaics (PV), into the power grid is an unavoidable development. The micro-energy grid (MEG), as an integrated system that combines distributed energy, energy storage (ES), and power loads, can achieve efficient consumption of RE by implementing multi-machine optimal allocation and unified coordinated power control for parallel operation of grid-forming energy storage (GFES). For this purpose, this paper puts forward a low-carbon and economic dispatch strategy for MEG that considers multi-machine optimal allocation of… More >