Bushra A. Hasan¹, Ameer J. Fadhl², Ahmad A. Hasan¹, Yasser A. Jebbar^3,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.23, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cl.2026.079634 - 09 May 2026

Abstract Copper zinc tin sulfide selenide, Cu₂ZnSn(S_1−xSe_x)₄, absorbers are promising earth-abundant and environmentally benign materials for low-cost photovoltaic applications. This study investigates the structural and optical properties of Cu₂ZnSn(S_1−xSe_x)₄ nanostructured thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition using melt-quenched targets with selenium compositions x = 0.0–1.0. X-ray diffraction revealed that films with low selenium content remained amorphous, whereas higher selenium incorporation promoted the formation of polycrystalline kesterite–stannite phases with preferred orientations along (112), (200), (220), and (312). The crystallite size increased from 12.3 to 17.9 nm as selenium reached x = 1.0, indicating enhanced crystal growth. Atomic force… More >

Salahuddin¹, Khalid Haseeb^1,*, Mansoor Nasir¹, NZ Jhanjhi², Mamoona Humayun³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.079584 - 08 May 2026

Abstract Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) interconnects smart technologies for the advancement in communication and autonomous decision making in vehicle interactions. It manages traffic control infrastructure, analyses road conditions, and supports cooperative awareness in a crucial environment. The sensors continuously collect real-time vehicle data, process it, and forward it to analysis servers to predict the behavior of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). Many approaches have been proposed to address research challenges in routing and improve communication for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) systems. However, due to dynamic topology, the network becomes disturbed and loses established connections, leading… More >

Abdullah Alshammari^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078634 - 08 May 2026

Abstract The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the infrastructure of smart cities has posed cybersecurity risks like never before, which have direct implications on the sustainability and energy consumption of cities. In this paper, a multi-faceted Threat-Resilient Energy-Conscious Security Framework (TRECSF) is introduced that combines intrusion detection methods powered by deep learning, blockchain-driven data integrity verification mechanism, and energy-aware security protocols in smart city ecosystems to achieve their sustainability. The new Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) model is introduced to the proposed architecture, which fulfills the purpose of the study to… More >

Xiaoping Yang^1,*, Songjie Yang², Junqi Long¹, Quanzeng Wang³, Bin Yang⁴, Xiaofang Cao⁵, Guochao Qi⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078105 - 08 May 2026

Abstract The rapid proliferation of latency-sensitive applications, coupled with the limitations of service range, has driven the integration of aerial simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (ASTAR-RIS) and task offloading to enhance both communication and computational efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, in WSNs, conventional ASTAR-RIS-assisted task offloading faces critical limitations, including restricted endurance, underutilized network caching and computing resources, and inefficient resource allocation within the optimization framework. To overcome these challenges, this paper integrates wireless power transfer (WPT) technology and proposes a novel energy-efficient ASTAR-RIS and WPT-assisted task offloading and content caching framework… More >

Maryem Lachgar^1,*, Mansour Lmkaiti¹, Ibtissam Larhlimi¹, Imad Aattouri², Hicham Ouchitachen¹, Hicham Mouncif¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.075234 - 08 May 2026

Abstract This study introduces a hybrid routing protocol, Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy—Ant Colony Optimization—Genetic Algorithm (LEACH-ACO-GA), for wireless sensor networks. It combines regional ant colony optimization for cluster head selection with inter-cluster routing based on a genetic algorithm. The proposed method reduces energy consumption from 6.9 J (LEACH Classic) to 5.6 J (LEACH-ACO-GA) and decreases latency from 460 to 390 ms, while maintaining a packet delivery ratio of 0.97. These values are averaged over 70 rounds based on 30 independent simulation runs conducted on networks with 50 and 200 nodes. The hybrid method extends network More >

Reshma Siyal¹, Jun Long^1,*, Muhammad Asim^2,*, Mudasir Ahmad Wani³, Kashish Ara Shakil⁴, Sajid Shah²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.074282 - 08 May 2026

Abstract The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to dense wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployed in critical applications such as smart cities, industrial monitoring, and healthcare. However, energy constraints, unpredictable communication delays, and inefficient data aggregation remain significant challenges that limit network reliability and operational lifespan. Traditional approaches often fail to balance delay minimization with energy efficiency, especially in large-scale or dynamic networks. To address these issues, this study proposes CTSO-DRNN, a novel framework that integrates Chronological Tangent Search Optimization (CTSO) with a Deep Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN) for accurate delay prediction… More >

Wenqi Zheng^1,2,3, Feng Gao⁴, Hanpeng Wang^1,2,3,*, Xin Wang^1,2,3, Bing Zhang^1,2,3, Yue Niu⁴, Wei Wang^1,2,3, Li Ming⁵, Chunbo Zhou^6,*

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.079913 - 07 May 2026

Abstract As coal extraction advances to greater depths, a refined understanding of the coupled evolution of involved physical effects and mechanisms in gas-bearing coal under excavation-induced disturbances becomes indispensable. In this context, “chain evolution” characterizes the progressive and interdependent interplay among stress redistribution, damage propagation, and seepage adjustment. Building upon a seepage–stress–damage coupling model for gas-bearing coal, and supported by triaxial compression tests for validation, this study explores multifield evolution during roadway excavation across lateral pressure coefficients ξ of 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5. The results reveal that the lateral pressure… More >

Lyu Guanghua¹, Dingxiao Jiao², Abdulrahman AlKassem³, Dakan Ying¹, Rizwan Arshad¹, Jiahua Ni¹, Zhe Liu¹, Syed Hadi Hussain Shah^1,*

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.077648 - 07 May 2026

Abstract Desert photovoltaic, PV, installations experience significant efficiency losses due to dust accumulation, which also promotes localized overheating, known as hotspots, caused by uneven solar irradiance and partial cell shading. These hotspots can accelerate material degradation and increase the risk of permanent panel damage. This study presents an autonomous maintenance strategy based on a cooperative swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs, enabling contactless dust removal and active hotspot cooling. The approach combines high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics to characterize aerodynamic downwash for effective dust detachment with fluid–structure interaction analysis to verify the structural integrity of PV panels… More >

Zebing Chen¹, Yang Wang¹, Hong Wu¹, Wenbin Zhao¹, Jinjun Yan¹, Luyao Peng², Yugang Zhao², Zilong Wang², Kang Li^2,*, Saleh S. Meibodi³, Mohammad Moosazadeh⁴, Soheil Mohtaram^2,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.077274 - 30 April 2026

Abstract Energy storage batteries require strict thermal management due to temperature sensitivity, operating optimally within a narrow thermal range. Simultaneously, control rooms demand stable and comfortable ambient conditions for staff staying long-term. Conventional temperature control systems typically employ isolated solutions, resulting in functional fragmentation and inefficient resource utilization. To address these challenges, this study proposes and implements an integrated R290 secondary loop heat pump air-conditioning system designed to simultaneously manage the thermal environments of both energy storage batteries and control rooms. By adopting a secondary-loop coupling architecture, all thermal regulation is achieved indirectly via indirect heat… More > Graphic Abstract

Gürcan Durmaz^1,*, Gökhan Gürlek²

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.075332 - 30 April 2026

Abstract This study examines the evolution of condenser technologies in household refrigerators, focusing on the potential for improving energy efficiency with hot-wall condensers (HWCs). Factors influencing this development, including refrigerant changes, consumer expectations, global regulations, and environmental factors, are evaluated. Design features, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and comparisons with other condenser types are presented for HWCs. The review identifies key parameters affecting HWC performance: pipe diameter and pitch, outer surface material properties, adhesive tape properties, and contact resistances. The effects of environmental factors such as ambient temperatures and heat transfer coefficients are also considered. The results indicate… More > Graphic Abstract