Li Wang^1,2,#, Rongbai Tong^3,#, Juanli Wang^1,2,*, Jintao Wan^1,2,*, Yuhu Li^1,2, Pujun Jin^1,2, Daodao Hu^1,2

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 1349-1364, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.019372

Abstract Quest for bio-based halogen-free green flame retardant has attracted many concerns in recent years. Herein a reactive functional flame retardant containing phosphorus VDP is synthesized from vanillin, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphophene-10-oxide (DOPO) and phenol via a facile way. VDP is characterized with ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR, FTIR and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry, and used as a new reactive flame retardant for bisphenol epoxy thermosets. Thermogravimetry analysis shows that when the VDP loading is only 0.5P% (based on phosphorus content), the residue increases from 14.2% to 21.1% at 750°C in N₂ compare with neat DGEBA. Correspondingly, the limit oxygen index increased to 29.6%,… More >

A. F. Mohamed^1,2, J. Abu Alsoud¹, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah^3,*, Hegazy Rezk^4,5, Mohamed K. Hassan^1,6

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 71-83, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019257

Abstract In power plants, flue gases can cause severe corrosion damage in metallic parts such as flue ducts, heat exchangers, and boilers. Coating is an effective technique to prevent this damage. A robust fuzzy model of the surface roughness (R_a and R_z) of flue gas ducts coated by protective composite coating from epoxy and nanoparticles was constructed based on the experimental dataset. The proposed model consists of four nanoparticles (ZnO, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and NiO) with 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process parameters and identify the optimal conditions for minimum surface roughness… More >

Xue Xin^1,#, Yu Rong^1,#, Linping Su¹, Zhengmei Qiu¹, Chenjun Yang¹, Ming Liang^1,*, Ping Ji², Guoqiang Zhong³, Zhanyong Yao^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 1081-1095, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.018021

Abstract As the important matrix material, epoxy resin has been widely used in the composites for various fields. On account of the poor toughness of epoxy resin limiting their suitability for advanced applications, considerable interests have been conducted to modify the epoxy resin to meet the engineering requirements. In this study, the bio-based polyurethane (PU) modified resin was adopted to modify the pure bisphenol-A epoxy by blending method with various proportions. Aiming to illuminate the curing behavior, mechanical and thermal properties, the blended epoxy systems were characterized by viscosity-time analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) at different frequencies and temperatures, mechanical tensile… More >

Gaoge Zhao, Jianzhong Chen, Yong Lv^*, Xiaoyu Zhang, Li Huang

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.1, pp. 339-357, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015388

Abstract The influence of different nanoparticle sizes on the elastic modulus and the fatigue properties of epoxy/SiO₂ nanocomposite is studied in this paper. Here, the cross-linked epoxy resins formed by the combination of DGEBA and 1,3-phenylenediamine are used as the matrix phase, and spherical SiO₂ particles are used as the reinforcement phase. In order to simulate the elastic modulus and long-term performance of the composite material at room temperature, the simulated temperature is set to 298 K and the mass fraction of SiO₂ particles is set to 28.9%. The applied strain rate is 10⁹/s during the simulation of the elastic modulus.… More >

Syed Waheedullah Ghori^1,*, G. Srinivasa Rao²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.7, pp. 1283-1292, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.014987

Abstract Date palm fiber (DPF) and kenaf fiber were reinforced in epoxy having various fiber loading 40%, 50%, and 60% by weight. These hybrid samples were manufactured by hot press technique and then characterized for tensile, impact, and morphological behavior to evaluate the ratio of fibers in the hybrid composites; the addition of kenaf improved the tensile properties, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the interfacial bonding of fiber/matrix, and dispersion and void content in composites. Impact test studies reflected the effect of natural fiber with epoxy, level of stress transfer from matrix to reinforced material, and reinforced material’s role in absorbing… More > Graphic Abstract

Ilyas Renreng¹, Bakri Bakri^2,*, Sri Chandrabakty², Naharuddin²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.2, pp. 325-335, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.012774

Abstract In this study, the influence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment and microwave treatment of coir fibers on the mechanical and physical properties of pressed coir fiber/epoxy composite were evaluated. The composite was fabricated with a hand lay-up method with compression molding. Before composite fabrication, pressed coir fiber was treated with NaOH and microwave treatments. Mechanical testing (tensile, flexural, and impact testing) of the composite was conducted. Then, water absorption and thickness swelling testing are also performed. The fractured composite surface morphology after the tensile test was analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that tensile, flexural, and impact… More >

Dan Li¹, Li Ding¹, Zhengang Liu², Qiang Li³, Kaiyun Guo¹, Hailin Cao^1,4,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.125, No.1, pp. 145-171, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.010822

Abstract Carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced composites have ultra-high elastic moduli, low densities, and fibrous structures. This paper presents the multi-scale finite element modeling of CNT-reinforced polymer composites from micro- to macro-scales. The nanocomposites were modeled using representative volume elements (RVEs), and finite element code was written to simulate the modeling and loading procedure and obtain equivalent mechanical properties of the RVEs with various volume fractions of CNTs, which can be used directly in the follow-up simulation studies on the macroscopic model of CNT-reinforced nanocomposites. When using the programming to simulate the deformation and fracture process of the CNT-reinforced epoxy composites, the mechanical… More >

Xiao Luo^1,*, Hongying Chu², Mengqi Liu¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.10, pp. 1295-1304, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.011026

Abstract Herein, epoxidized soybean oil methyl ester (ESOM) plasticizer was synthesized for the preparation of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films by the alcoholysis and epoxidation. The chemical structure of ESOM was investigated by infrared spectrum and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance. The effect of content of ESOM and petroleum based plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on the performance of plasticized PVC films was studied. The result showed that substituting DEHP with ESOM can improve the thermal stability of plasticized PVC films. When the weight ratio of ESOM and PVC is fixed at 1:2, plasticized PVC film presents higher elongation at break (350.8% vs.… More >

Xiaofu Wang^1,*, Xiong Zhang¹, Yan He², Chunming Lian³

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.8, pp. 947-968, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.011327

Abstract In order to solve the problem of urban surface runoff, it is necessary to study permeable brick deeply. Tensile test and DMA test were used to study the binder material of permeable brick, and a material with the best mechanical properties was selected as the binder of resin based permeable brick; The permeable brick with single gradation and continuous gradation and porosity of 0.1–0.5 gradient is constructed by 3D modeling method. The particle composition and the seepage simulation results of permeable brick under different design parameters were analyzed; A resin-based permeable brick with micro-pores was prepared using the selected binder… More >

Lei Zhang¹, Haiyan Wang^1,*, Junpeng Zhang¹, Zhi Wang², Zuohui Xu¹, Xinyu Gao¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.3, pp. 219-237, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.09096

Abstract The effects of the number of layers, the arrangement of carbon fiber (CF) tow and the epoxy resin (ER) matrix on the fire performance of carbon fiber/epoxy composites (CFEC) were studied by a variety of experimental methods. The results show that the number of layers of CF tow has influence on the combustion characteristics and fire propagation of the composites. The arrangement of CF tow has influence on flame propagation rate and high temperature mechanicalproperties. The mechanism of the influence of the number of layers of CF tow on the composite is mainly due to the different thermal capacity of… More >