FENGJUN DAI¹, ZIYI RONG¹, QIANGSHENG WU¹, ELSAYED FATHI ABD_ALLAH³, CHUNYAN LIU^1,2,*, SHENGRUI LIU^2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.5, pp. 1339-1346, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.018909 - 06 January 2022

Abstract Tea plants are sensitive to soil moisture deficit, with the level of soil water being a critical factor affecting their growth and quality. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve water and nutrient absorption, but it is not clear whether AMF can improve the photosynthetic characteristics of tea plants. A potted study was conducted to determine the effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum on plant growth, leaf water status, pigment content, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Camellia sinensis cv. Fuding Dabaicha under well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) conditions. Root mycorrhizal colonization and soil hyphal length were significantly… More >

Benedict Terkula Iber^1,2,*, Nor Azman Kasan^1,*, Donald Torsabo^1,2, Jenifer Wese Omuwa²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 1097-1123, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.018142 - 02 November 2021

Abstract Chitin was first discovered by its name from the Greek word “chiton”, which means “mail coat”. It is indeed a polysaccharide made up of naturally occurring acetyl-D-glucosamine monomers. Hatchett was the first researcher who extracted chitin from the shells of mollusks (crabs and lobsters), prawns, and crayfish in 1799. Later in 1811, Henri Braconnot discovered chitin in the cell walls of mushrooms and called it “fungine”. Chitin and chitosan are abundant in the biosphere as essential components of many organisms’ exoskeletons and as by-products of the global seafood industry. The biopolymer must be deacetylated before… More >

Daiyuan Zhang¹, Qian He², Baocong Du², Junbao Yu^2,3, Xudong Zhu³, Dingyi Yang², Shengcai Li², Tianyi Zhan¹, Liming Shen^1,*, Zhiqiang Wang^1,*, Xiaoning Lu¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.3, pp. 721-734, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.016793 - 28 September 2021

Abstract Permeability of wood preservative is one of the most significant factors for protection of wood construction. Anisotropic flow permeability was involved in different directions of wood with higher flow resistance in the transverse and lower longitudinal directions. In this study, boron acid solution was brushed onto the tangential section of air-dried wood cubes and boron penetration along wood transverse direction was investigated under free diffusion, vacuum and HVEF treatments. Multi-scale boron distribution, FTIR measurement, leaching property, mechanical properties and fungistatic characteristic were investigated for free diffusion, vacuum and HVEF treated samples respectively. The results revealed… More >

Muhammad Alyas Khan¹, Mushtaq Ali¹, Mohsin Shah², Toqeer Mahmood³, Muneer Ahmad⁴, NZ Jhanjhi⁵, Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan^6,*, Emad Sami Jaha⁷

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.30, No.3, pp. 771-785, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.018039 - 20 August 2021

Abstract Fungi disease affects walnut trees worldwide because it damages the canopies of the trees and can easily spread to neighboring trees, resulting in low quality and less yield. The fungal disease can be treated relatively easily, and the main goal is preventing its spread by automatic early-detection systems. Recently, machine learning techniques have achieved promising results in many applications in the agricultural field, including plant disease detection. In this paper, an automatic machine learning-based detection method for identifying walnut diseases is proposed. The proposed method first resizes a leaf’s input image and pre-processes it using… More >

Griselda Madrid-Delgado^1,#, Marcos Orozco-Miranda^1,#, Mario Cruz-Osorio^1,#, Ofelia Adriana Hernández-Rodríguez¹, Raúl Rodríguez-Heredia², Melchor Roa-Huerta², Graciela Dolores Avila-Quezada^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.5, pp. 1321-1338, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.016174 - 27 May 2021

Abstract

This review highlights the key role that mycorrhizal fungi play in making phosphorus (Pi) more available to plants, including pathways of phosphorus absorption, phosphate transporters and plant-mycorrhizal fungus symbiosis, especially in conditions where the level of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) in the soil is low. Mycorrhizal fungi colonization involves a series of signaling where the plant root exudates strigolactones, while the mycorrhizal fungi release a mixture of chito-oligosaccharides and liposaccharides, that activate the symbiosis process through gene signaling pathways, and contact between the hyphae and the root. Once the symbiosis is established, the extraradical mycelium acts as

… More >

Hailing Li^1,2, Lingfeng Xu¹, Zhuowei Li¹, Shunxin Zhao¹, Dongqin Guo¹, Lu Rui^1,*, Nong Zhou^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.5, pp. 1535-1547, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015697 - 27 May 2021

Abstract Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, in which polyphyllin as the main medicinal component is an important secondary metabolite with bioactivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have multiple positive effects on plants, while it is not clear whether AMF increase the content of medicinal components in medicinal plants. In this study, a total of nine AMF treatments were laid to analyze the mycorrhizal effect on polyphyllin accumulation and PpHMGR and PpSE expression of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. AMF increased the content of polyphyllin in the cultivated variety with low relation to the increase of inoculation intensity. More >

Chunxue Yang^*, Yajie Liu, Wenna Zhao, Na Wang

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 719-729, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015024 - 30 March 2021

Abstract To understand arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi resources and develop AM fungal species in ornamental plants with saline-alkaline tolerances, Iris lactea, which grows in the Songnen saline-alkaline grassland with a high ornamental value, was selected as the experimental material, and the colonization characteristics of its roots and the AM fungal diversity in its rhizosphere were explored. The results of the observations and calculations of mycorrhizae from ten different samples showed that AM fungi colonized the roots of I. lactea and formed Arum-type mycorrhizal structures. There was a significant correlation between soil spore density and pH value, while the colonization… More >

Nong Zhou^1,2, Lingfeng Xu¹, Min Yang², Dongqin Guo¹, Qiuxia Gan, Jingjing Zhao^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 747-759, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.014858 - 30 March 2021

Abstract A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two commercial strains composed of mulple arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species on plant growth, antioxidant capacity, and medicine quality of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in three subtropical soils from Wanzhou, Anshun and Baoshan in fields. The results showed that AMF inoculation enhanced the fungal colonization rate and activities of both succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, thereby, enhancing the mycorrhizal viability of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids), soluble sugar, soluble protein and photosynthetic capacity were higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in More >

Lulu Meng¹, A. K. Srivastava², Kamil Kuča³, Bhoopander Giri⁴, Mohammed Mahabubur Rahman⁵, Qiangsheng Wu^1,3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 687-699, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.015427 - 30 March 2021

Abstract Different kinds of soil animals and microorganisms inhabit the plant rhizosphere, which function closely to plant roots. Of them, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and earthworms play a critical role in sustaining the soil-plant health. Earthworms and AMF belong to the soil community and are soil beneficial organisms at different trophic levels. Both of them improve soil fertility and structural development, collectively promoting plant growth and nutrient acquisition capacity. Earthworm activities redistribute mycorrhizal fungi spores and give diversified effects on root mycorrhizal fungal colonization. Dual inoculation with both earthworms and AMF strongly magnifies the response on More >

Sadia Nadir^1,2,3, Sehroon Khan¹, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe^1,2, Saowaluck Tibpromma^1,2, Shahid Iqbal^1,2, Jianchu Xu^1,2,*, Peter Mortimer^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.3, pp. 1031-1039, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.012075 - 30 March 2021

Abstract During a survey of soil fungi in Yunnan Province, several isolates of Aspergillus were obtained. Based on morphology and molecular analyses of internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS), β-tubulin and calmodulin (CaM) genes sequences, two isolates were identified as Aspergillus vadensis (section Nigri). A phylogenetic tree, detailed descriptions, illustrations and scanned electron microscopy morphology are provided for the new isolates. This is the first record of A. vadensis from China. More >