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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    In vitro evaluation of native entomopathogenic fungi and neem (Azadiractha indica) extracts on Spodoptera frugiperda

    Hernandez-Trejo A1, B Estrada-Drouaillet1, JA López-Santillán1, C Rios-Velasco2, SE Varela-Fuentes1, R Rodríguez-Herrera3, E Osorio-Hernández1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.88, No.1, pp. 47-54, 2019, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2019.04611

    Abstract The control of Spodoptera frugiperda is based on synthetic insecticides, so some alternatives are the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EF) and neem extract. The objective of the study was to evaluate in vitro effectiveness of native EF and neem extracts on S. frugiperda larvae. Six EF were identified by DNA sequencing of ITS regions from three EF (Fusarium solani, Metarrhizium robertsii, Nigrospora spherica and Penicillium citrinum). They were evaluated in concentrations of 1 × 10⁸ spores/ mL. In addition, a second bioassay was carried out evaluating only F. solani, M. robertsii and N. sphaerica and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Evaluation of Antioxidants, Total Phenolics and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extracts From Fungi Grown on Rice Straw

    Bahaa T. Shawky1, Mohammed Nagah1, Mosad A. Ghareeb2, Gamal M. El-Sherbiny3, Saad A. M. Moghannem3, Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz1,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.7, No.7, pp. 667-682, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2019.04524

    Abstract Rice straw (RS) collected from Egyptian agricultural environment (Al-Masied village-Alsharqia Governorate-Egypt) was used as substrate for three fungal isolates namely: 4b, 1Asp, Pleurotus ostreatus NRRL 3501 and mixed culture of (4b, 1Asp). Isolates number 4b and 1Asp were identified using the molecular technique (18S rRNA). Isolate 4b and 1Asp, were identified as Trichoderma saturnisporum MN1-EGY and Aspergillus niger MN2-EGY, respectively. Trichoderma saturnisporum MN1-EGY extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity compared to the other fungal extracts. Total phenolic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were also determined from the ethyl acetate extract of rice straw inoculated by these… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    In vitro antifungal/fungistatic activity of manganese phosphite against soybean soil-borne pathogens

    Carmona MA1, E Simonetti2,3, ME Ravotti1, MM Sc,iani4, AG Luque4, NA Formento5, FJ Sautua1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.86, pp. 265-269, 2017, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2017.86.265

    Abstract Soybean root and stem rots caused by soil-borne pathogens are diseases commonly found in soybean fields, and one of the most important causes of crop losses. In the present study, the mycelial sensitivity of Fusarium virguliforme, F. tucumaniae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina was evaluated on potato dextrose agar media (25 mL) supplemented with different concentrations of manganese phosphite (MnPhi) diluted in water (0, 25, 37.5, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 800 and 1000 μg/mL). Mycelial growth sensitivity was analyzed using logarithmic linear regression analysis. The MnPhi concentration needed to inhibit 50% of the mycelial growth (IC50) More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Morphological, molecular and pathogenic diagnostic of fungi in lawn’s root and neck in Mexico

    García-Munguía CA1, M Acosta-Ramos2, O Vázquez-Martinez3, M Pérez-Sato5, A García-Munguía4, O García-Munguía6, AM García-Munguía3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.86, pp. 258-264, 2017, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2017.86.258

    Abstract The illnesses that cause root and neck rot in golf courses constitute a limiting factor for grass development worldwide. This is mainly true when management guidelines are not conducted. Our research was conducted in the Golf Club “Mexico”, located in Mexico, D.F. Isolates were taken from plants that presented yellowing symptoms and root and neck rot. The identified pathogenic fungi, isolated from axenic media, were Giberella avenacea, Fusarium oxysporum, F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense and Pythium ultimum. The molecular characterization showed a comparison of the DNA-obtained sequences which was morphologically determined as F. avenaceum and was molecularly corroborated as… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Antimicrobial evaluation of extracts obtained from tropical micromycetes against phytopathogens

    Moreno Pérez P1,3, M Gamboa Angulo1, G Heredia2, B Canto Canché1, CM Rodríguez García1, IL Medina Baizabal1, L Peraza Echeverría1

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 7-14, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.007

    Abstract Nowadays, it is highly necessary to find more and safer agrochemicals. In this sense, micromycetes are an important source of natural products which could be used to control plant diseases. Therefore with the aims to contribute in this searching of natural products with antimicrobial applications, a total of 49 fungal strains were isolated from the Yucatan Peninsula. These fungi were cultured in fermented rice, their respective organic extracts macerated in ethyl acetate (EAE) and methanol (ME) were obtained and tested against five fungal pathogens of agricultural importance. These included Alternaria chrysanthemi, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their effects on growth of different cultivars of Capsicum annuum L.

    González-Mendoza D1, A García-López1, C Ceceña Duran1, O Grimaldo-Juarez1, M Aviles-Marín1, Y Pérez-Luna2, P Álvarez-Gutiérrez2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 345-350, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.345

    Abstract We studied the changes in the number of leaves, roots and height on three cultivars of Capsicum anuumm (Jalapeño, Serrano and De árbol) after inoculation with Glomus intraradices FS18 and Glomus Zac-19. Results indicated that Glomus intraradices FS18 produced greater effects on height (6.12 and 5.63 cm) and number of leaves (10.66 and 5.84) in the cultivars “Jalapeño” and “De árbol”, respectively. On the other hand, Glomus zac-19 stimulated the number of leaves and roots in “Serrano” pepper (6.17 leaves and 15.31 roots) and “Arbol” (6.52 leaves and 26.32 roots). Our results demonstrate the capacity of Glomus intraradices FS18 and Glomus Zac-19 More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Endophytic fungi from Camellia sinensis show an antimicrobial activity against the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea

    Zhu XJ, YF Hu, X Chen, YH Wang, WP Fang, XH Li

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.83, pp. 57-63, 2014, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2014.83.057

    Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of two endophytic fungal strains, Pseudocercospora kaki and Penicillium sclerotiorum, isolated from the leaves of Camellia sinensis, against the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. The inhibitory activity of the two endophytes against M. grisea in dual-culture was compared with that in monoculture. It was confirmed that the broth and its ethyl acetate extract of the dual-culture had a much stronger inhibition activity against M. grisea than the monocultures of P. kaki and P. sclerotiorum. The antagonism index of the broth and ethyl acetate extract from dual-culture to the mycelial growth of M. griseaMore >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Control of seedling damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii using onion broths

    Rivera MC1, ER Wright1, MC Fabrizio2, G Freixá1, R Cabalini1, SE Lopez3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.82, pp. 227-234, 2013, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2013.82.227

    Abstract Damping off is a frequent disease that kills seedlings. Cultural and biological controls are the only tools in organic crops to manage this disease, and only empirical information is available on the efficiency of plant preparations. This work evaluates the effects of fermented onion decoctions on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii and disease incidence. Broth (B) and sterilized broth (SB) were respectively obtained by boiling chopped yellow onions in water, and incubating for 14 days at room temperature, with or without subsequent sterilization. The pathogens were grown on potato dextrose agar supplemented with B… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Protective eect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) exposed to Cr(VI)

    Carreón-Abud Y, MA Beltrán-Nambo, M Martínez Trujillo

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.82, pp. 127-134, 2013, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2013.82.127

    Abstract Chromium (Cr) is a highly toxic non-essential metal for microorganisms and plants; due to its frequent industrial use, it has become a pollutant for different agroecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are associated with most angiosperms and provide them with beneficial effects on the absorption of some nutrients. Moreover, it has been reported that in some cases the AMF can confer greater tolerance to plants in the presence of heavy metals. The tomato (Solanum lycorpersicum) is an important crop in Mexico. In most cases, it grows under applied irrigation water from reservoirs which include domestic and industrial… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Fungi degrading metsulfuron methyl in agricultural soils of Argentina

    Vázquez MB1, MV Bianchinotti1,2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.82, pp. 113-118, 2013, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2013.82.113

    Abstract Strains of Mucor, Penicillium and Trichoderma, able to use metsulfuron-methyl (MM) as a sole carbon and energy source, were isolated from agricultural soils in Argentina. This is the first time this ability is recorded in the Mucor or Trichoderma species. When the isolated strains were compared in relation to their capacity to use the herbicide, those of Trichoderma showed the best results. Because of this, they were selected for further assays. The effect of metsulfuron on growth in liquid media was tested. Also, the ability of conidia to germinate in water agar medium containing the target herbicide was More >

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