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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Differences at diagnosis between long-term survivors and not long-term survivors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma initially treated with TKI

    Miguel Ángel Gómez-Luque*, Guillermo Lendínez-Cano, Carmen Belén Congregado-Ruiz, Ignacio Osman-García, Rafael Antonio Medina-López

    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.32, No.2, pp. 101-109, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.063073 - 30 April 2025

    Abstract Introduction: In recent years, significant advancements in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have notably extended overall survival (OS) times, particularly with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and combination immunotherapy. However, survival outcomes in mRCC remain highly variable. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed clinical and demographic factors at diagnosis in patients treated for mRCC to identify predictors of long-term survival (defined as OS ≥ 48 months). Patients were categorized into long-term survivors (LTS) and non-long-term survivors (nLTS). Results: The analysis revealed that factors such as better Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Cell Death of Tumor Melanocytes and Treatment Options

    Olga Koval1,2,*, Maria Zhilnikova1, Maria Balantaeva1,2, Mikhail Biryukov1,2, Vasiliy Atamanov1,3

    BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.3, pp. 355-379, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.059987 - 31 March 2025

    Abstract Melanomas are aggressive cancers, with a high rate of metastatic disease. Cutaneous (CM) and uveal (UM) melanomas are intrinsically different diseases, and most cell death inducers effective for CM do not function for UM. This is primarily due to the fact the eye is an immunologically privileged organ, and it fails to achieve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) comparable to that for CM. However, approaches utilizing specific melanoma-associated antigens are being developed for metastatic forms of CM and UM. The most promising to date are gp100 and tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1), primarily… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    The effect of concomitant drugs on oncological outcomes in patients treated with immunotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a narrative review

    MICHELE MAFFEZZOLI1,2,#, GIULIA CLAIRE GIUDICE1,2,#,*, GIACOMO IOVANE1,2, MARTINA MANINI1,2, ELENA RAPACCHI1, GIUSEPPE CARUSO1, NICOLA SIMONI3, STEFANIA FERRETTI4, STEFANO PULIATTI4, DAVIDE CAMPOBASSO5, SEBASTIANO BUTI1,2

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.4, pp. 741-757, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.057278 - 19 March 2025

    Abstract Background: immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), significantly improving survival outcomes. However, a subset of patients do not respond to ICIs, prompting research into potential predictive factors. Commonly prescribed medications such as corticosteroids, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), antibiotics (Abs), antihypertensives, and analgesics may influence ICI effectiveness. Methods: we conducted a literature search on PubMed to investigate the impact of concomitant medications on the outcomes of patients with mUC, treated with ICIs. We selected the most relevant studies and performed a narrative review. Results: corticosteroids, PPIs and Abs have been associated More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Dibenzo [a, c] phenazin-11-yl(phenyl) methanone (SBLJ23), a novel selective inhibitor targeting JAK2V617F mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms

    MOHAMMAD ABOHASSAN, MESFER MOHAMMAD AL SHAHRANI, SARAH KHALED ALOUDA, PRASANNA RAJAGOPALAN*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 675-685, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056256 - 28 February 2025

    Abstract Background: The JAK2V617F mutation plays a crucial part in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), which includes polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) leading to aberrant proliferation and survival of hematopoietic cells. Alongside the challenges of drug resistance and side effects, identifying novel compounds that selectively target JAK2V617F could provide more effective and safer therapeutic options for patients with MPNs. Materials and Methods: We employed computational approaches like high-throughput virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), and binding free energy calculations to identify inhibitors targeting wild and mutant JAK2 kinases. JAK2V617F positive HEL, wild… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Preventive effects of low-dose radiation and hypofractionated radiation plus anti-programmed cell death protein 1 on lung metastasis in breast cancer

    SHUANG CHEN1,2,#, XUEMEI DENG2,#, XINGTING HE2, KEWEI XIANG2, GUIHONG CHEN2, HONGRU YANG2,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 687-694, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.052133 - 28 February 2025

    Abstract Background: Previous experiments have demonstrated that hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT), low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT), and combined anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (αPD-1) can enhance the abscopal effect. Combined with the phenomenon of low prognosis in patients with breast cancer lung metastasis, our study establishes a mouse model and changes the irradiation regimen of LDRT to explore its preventive effect on breast cancer lung metastasis. Methods: The breast cancer subcutaneous graft tumor model was developed. Two-lung prophylactic LDRT was performed prior to the onset of lung metastases, in combination with HFRT (8 Gy, 3f), and αPD-1… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Immunotherapy in gastric cancer—A systematic review

    MARTA SANTOS1, DIANA MARTINS1,2,3,4, FERNANDO MENDES1,2,3,4,5,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 263-281, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.052207 - 16 January 2025

    Abstract Background: Gastric Cancer (GC) is the 5th most prevalent and 4th most deadly neoplasm globally. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach in GC, potentially improving positive clinical outcomes while addressing the limitations of conventional therapies. GC immunotherapy modalities consist of adoptive cell therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Objectives: This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the advances in immune-based therapeutic approaches in GC, highlighting the potential of this therapy as a strategy for GC treatment. Methods: Key studies investigating several immunotherapeutic agents and combination therapies were searched in… More > Graphic Abstract

    Immunotherapy in gastric cancer—A systematic review

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Preoperative aspirin and anticoagulants do not affect partial nephrectomy bleeding

    Muqsit Buchh1, Courtney Yong2, Fezaan Kazi1, Ali Sualeh1, James Slaven3, Ronald S. Boris2, Chandru P. Sundaram2

    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.31, No.2, pp. 11834-11839, 2024

    Abstract Introduction: Studies have reached mixed conclusions on the role of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents on postoperative complications of partial nephrectomies. This study examines whether preoperative anticoagulation use affected the risk of hemorrhagic complications after partial nephrectomy.
    Materials and methods: This is a retrospective chart review of all partial nephrectomies performed between 2017 and 2022 at a single institution. For each operation, preoperative data was gathered on whether the patient was on anticoagulation, the type and dose of anticoagulation, and how many days the anticoagulation was held preoperatively. Bivariate analyses for continuous measures were performed using Student’s t-tests… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Frontline immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients ≥ 90 years with advanced urothelial cancer: a single center experience

    Evangelia Vlachou1, Burles Avner Johnson 3rd1,2, Elizabeth Guancial3, Kara A. Lombardo1,2,4, Jean Hoffman-Censits1,2

    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 11875-11879, 2024

    Abstract Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for advanced urothelial cancer alone and as first line in combination with enfortumab vedotin. Platinum based chemotherapy which is another frontline choice is often not a treatment option for older patients due to comorbidities that increase with age. Despite ICIs being better tolerated compared to traditional chemotherapy little is known about their efficacy and toxicity in patients ≥ 90 years due to the rarity of this population in clinical trials. Our objective was to analyze the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients ≥ 90 years.
    Materials andMore >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Renal cell carcinoma: entering the age of biomarkers

    Andrew S. Iskandar, Kevin K. Zarrabi, William J. Tester

    Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.31, No.4, pp. 11921-11930, 2024

    Abstract Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma is as the most prevalent form of kidney cancer, with the clear cell subtype comprising approximately 75% of cases. The identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers has emerged as a crucial area of research within the field. Despite advancements in treatment, metastatic renal cell carcinoma presents formidable challenges, with survival rates heavily dependent upon the optimal choice of treatment.
    Materials and methods: This review summarizes the current literature regarding the prognostic and predictive value of biomarkers in patients with renal cell carcinoma. We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies that reference… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Targeting cell cycle regulators: A new paradigm in cancer therapeutics

    GARIMA SINGH#, SONIKA KUMARI SHARMA#, NEELU MISHRA, AASTHA SONI, MANSHI KUMARI, SAMARENDRA KUMAR SINGH*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.12, pp. 1639-1666, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.056503 - 30 December 2024

    Abstract Dysregulation of the cell cycle is a molecular hallmark of cancer, which leads to uncontrolled proliferation and self-renewal of neoplastic cells. To maintain this phenotype, cells acquire multiple molecular alterations and bypass several cellular checkpoints that are involved in the prevention of genomic instability and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Therefore, targeting cell cycle regulators could prove to be a promising anti-cancer approach. Recent advancements in the understanding of cancer cell susceptibilities have revealed a therapeutic opportunity to selectively target the cell cycle in malignant cells. This review highlights major cell cycle dysregulation in cancerous cells and More > Graphic Abstract

    Targeting cell cycle regulators: A new paradigm in cancer therapeutics

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