Francesco Petrella^1,2,*, Andrea Cara¹, Enrico Mario Cassina¹, Lidia Libretti¹, Emanuele Pirondini¹, Federico Raveglia¹, Maria Chiara Sibilia¹, Antonio Tuoro¹

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.076281 - 22 April 2026

Abstract The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 has transformed the therapeutic landscape of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and recent clinical trials have extended their application to resectable disease. Multiple randomized phase III trials have demonstrated that neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy, particularly when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy, significantly improves pathological complete response (pCR), major pathological response (MPR), event-free survival (EFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) compared to chemotherapy alone. Several key questions remain unresolved—including whether preoperative or postoperative immunotherapy yields superior outcomes, whether adjuvant therapy provides additional More >

I Made Bayu Anggriawan^1,2,3,*, Heather G. Jørgensen^4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074734 - 22 April 2026

Abstract Background: Persistent leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are insensitive to targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Identifying alternative molecular vulnerabilities may offer new therapeutic opportunities. This study aimed to identify active RAS/RAF signalling pathway components in persistent CML-LSCs using publicly available datasets to propose a novel drug combination that could synergise with TKI therapy. Methods: EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas and Stemformatics were used to analyse gene expression within the chosen signalling pathway using DESeq2 analysis in R Studio. Genes that showed statistically significant differences across three comparisons (CML vs. normal; post… More >

Laura Duzzi^1,#,*, Nora Möhn^1,#, Emily Narten¹, Janin Thomas¹, Susann Mahjoub¹, Lea Grote-Levi¹, Konstantin Jendretzky¹, Sandra Nay¹, Felix Konen¹, Jonas Wiegmann², Gernot Beutel², Tabea Fröhlich², Benjamin-Alexander Bollmann³, Thomas Wirth⁴, Imke von Wasielewski⁵, Florian H. Heidel², Ralf Gutzmer^5,6, Thomas Skripuletz^1,§, Philipp Ivanyi^2,§, the ICOG (Immune Cooperative Oncology Group)-Investigators⁷

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074095 - 22 April 2026

Abstract Objectives: Since 2011, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have transformed the treatment of various cancers. However, our understanding of the autoimmune adverse events, particularly those affecting the nervous system, remains limited. These adverse events can cause significant disability or even death, yet there are currently no established guidelines or biomarkers to aid diagnosis and treatment. With this study, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of neurological adverse events and investigate potential predictive biomarkers. Methods: Between 19 December 2019 and 21 August 2021, 150 out of 543 ICI-treated cancer patients were eligible for our prospective monocentric… More >

Mohsina Patwekar^1,2, Faheem Patwekar³, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari^1,4,*, Muhammad Rajaei Ahmad Mohd Zain^5,*, Arifullah Mohammed⁶, Rohit Sharma^7,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073601 - 23 March 2026

Abstract Breast cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related mortality for women globally; therefore, further breakthroughs in treatment approaches are crucial. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are among the Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors that have become an innovative family of targeted therapy for hormone receptor-positive, Human Epidermal Growth factor receptor 2 (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer. These inhibitors work by preventing the action of CDK4/6, which are crucial in the regulation of the cell cycle. Leading cancer cells to cell cycle arrest and undergo apoptosis. When these inhibitors are used with endocrine medicines like letrozole and… More > Graphic Abstract

Andrea Dalbeni^1,2, Marco Vicardi^1,2,*, Leonardo A. Natola^1,2, Alessandra Auriemma³, Bernardo Stefanini⁴, Caterina Vivaldi⁵, Piera Federico⁶, Andrea Polloni⁷, Caterina Soldà⁸, Lorenzo Lani⁴, Ingrid Garajová⁹, Stefano Tamberi¹⁰, Stefania De Lorenzo¹¹, Fabio Piscaglia^4,12, Vincenzo Di Maria¹, Gianluca Masi⁵, Sara Lonardi⁸, Giovanni Brandi^4,7, Bruno Daniele⁶, Franco Trevisani^4,13, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni¹⁴, Laura Schiada¹⁴, Fabio Marra¹⁵, Claudia Campani¹⁵, Ciro Celsa¹⁶, Giuseppe Cabibbo¹⁶, Mariangela Bruccoleri¹⁷, Massimo Iavarone^17,18, Leonardo Stella¹⁹, Francesca R. Ponziani¹⁹, Tiziana Pressiani²⁰, Lorenza Rimassa^20,21, Francesco Tovoli⁴, David Sacerdoti²

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073063 - 23 March 2026

Abstract Objectives: The combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (A+B) represents one of the standards first-line treatments for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Metformin has garnered attention for its potential antitumour and immunomodulatory properties beyond glycaemic control. This study aimed to assess metformin’s impact in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving A+B therapy. Methods: This retrospective analysis of a prospectively-maintained multicentre database included 523 patients with HCC treated with A+B from the ARTE (Atezolizumab-bevacizumab Real-life Experience for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma) dataset across 18 Italian centres (May 2020–January 2024). We evaluated objective response rate (ORR), disease… More >

Daniel Burg¹, Aryeh Babkoff¹, Omer Or², Noam Olshinka², Jonathan Abraham Demma³, Mohamad Adila^1,3, Marc Wygoda⁴, Philip Blumenfeld⁴, Judith Diment⁵, Masha Galiner⁶, Yusef Azraq⁶, Daniela Katz^1,7, Petachia Reissman⁸, Sadie Ostrowicki⁹, Gabriella Sebbag¹⁰, Narmine Elkhateeb^1,11, Anat Hershko Moshe^1,11, Dania Jaber^1,11, Adi Hollander^1,11, Limor Rubin^1,11, Aviad Zick^1,12,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.070233 - 23 March 2026

Abstract Background: —Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. Treatment of synovial sarcoma includes surgery, radiation, pazopanib, and chemotherapy. Targeted therapies, such as B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) inhibitors, are emerging as a potential treatment option. We describe the sixth case of a BRAF^V600E synovial sarcoma, the first extra-thoracic case. This case is the first to show a complete pathological response to BRAF & mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. Case description: —We treated a 22-year-old male with a left groin BRAF^V600E synovial sarcoma with doxorubicin, Ifosphamide & Sodium 2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate. When we identified BRAF^V600E in the tumor,… More >

Adam Khorasanchi, Merve Hasanov, Richard Wu, Hisham Alsharif, Kari Kendra, Claire Verschraegen^*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.069012 - 23 March 2026

Abstract Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer and typically involves the head and neck. Systemic therapy is often required for patients with advanced CSCC to achieve optimal disease control. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now the standard of care for these patients, with a 50%–60% response rate and sustainable remission for at least 30% of patients. Given the activity of ICIs in advanced head and neck CSCC, ICIs are being studied in early-stage disease or neoadjuvant situations. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of More >

Thomas Kidu¹, Harini Kethar², Haben Gebrekidan³, Haleem Farman⁴, Ahmed Sedik^4,5, Walid El-Shafai^6,7, Jawad Khan^8,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.076798 - 26 February 2026

Abstract Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising therapeutic outcomes in selected patient groups. This study performed a comprehensive analysis of multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas colorectal adenocarcinoma cohort (TCGA-COADREAD), accessed through cBioPortal, to develop machine learning models for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) following immunotherapy. The dataset included clinical variables, genomic alterations in Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS), B-Raf Proto-Oncogene (BRAF), and Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog (NRAS), microsatellite instability (MSI) status, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and expression of immune checkpoint genes. Kaplan–Meier… More >

Tiffany Chen¹, Grace Kim², Yekta Rahimi³, Monisha Kamdar⁴, Eduardo Fernandez-Hernandez⁴, Karrune Woan⁴, Eric L. Tam^4,*, George Yaghmour⁴

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.072443 - 24 February 2026

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a biologically heterogeneous disease with historically limited targeted therapies and poor outcomes. The development of menin inhibitors represents a promising shift, particularly for patients harboring KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2Ar) and NPM1 mutations (NPM1m). This manuscript reviews the molecular rationale of menin inhibition for aberrant homeobox/myeloid ectopic insertion site 1 (HOX/MEIS1)-driven gene expression and leukemogenesis, clinical trial outcomes, and safety data for menin inhibitors, with a focus on recently FDA-approved revumenib and several other agents in development, ziftomenib (KO-539), bleximenib (JNJ-75276617), and icovamenib (BMF-219). We also focused our discussion on future directions to include More >

Abhishikt David Solomon^1,*, Himanshu Kumar Vats^2,#, Shivam Chowdhary^3,#, Supriya Nandlal Kanoujiya⁴, Ajit Prakash⁵, Hina Sultana⁶, Sabyasachi Mohanty⁷, Billy W. Day⁸, Tarun Pant^9,10,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.071632 - 24 February 2026

Abstract Tumor survival, genomic stability, and therapy resistance are dictated by the DNA damage response (DDR). Although poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have established the DDR as a therapeutic target, many tumors evade first-generation drugs by rewiring their adaptive repair pathways and imposing microenvironmental constraints. This review synthesizes recent discoveries in key DDR pathways, such as PARP, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR), ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase (WEE1), and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and describes the next-generation inhibitors designed to increase selectivity and circumvent resistance. We also… More >