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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    E3 Ligases and COVID-19: Insights into Viral Control and Therapeutic Potential

    Mukul Mishra1, Deeba Khan2, Sehbanul Islam1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.1, pp. 127-147, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.058038 - 24 January 2025

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the newly emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in unprecedented global health challenges, including millions of infections and deaths. While the direct effects of the virus are critical, the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and cellular host factors significantly impacts the replication cycle of the virus and the clinical severity of COVID-19. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of host-pathogen interactions, focusing on the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. We systematically review the literature to detail how SARS-CoV-2 engages with host cellular machinery, with a specific emphasis on their More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Calmodulin-Like Proteins in Tobacco

    Mengjie Xu, Anbin Wang, Tonghong Zuo, Hecui Zhang, Zhihao Hu, Liquan Zhu*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.1, pp. 157-179, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.060566 - 24 January 2025

    Abstract Calmodulin-like (CMLs) proteins are critical in calcium signaling and essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. In many species, the CMLs families have been identified and described. However, the characterization and expression profiling of CMLs genes in tobacco is retrievable. In this study, a comprehensive whole-genome identification and analysis, and 75 NtCML genes were identified in tobacco, each containing two to four EF-hand domains. Most NtCML proteins exhibited conserved gene structures and motifs. Notably, most NtCML proteins were intron-less and distributed across 18 chromosomes. Two pairs of tandemly duplicated genes and seven pairs of segmentally More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Enhancing Plant Resilience to Abiotic Stress: The Power of Biostimulants

    Su-Ee Lau1,2,*, Lucas Wei Tze Lim3, Mohd Fadhli Hamdan4, Colin Chan5, Noor Baity Saidi6, Janna Ong-Abdullah6, Boon Chin Tan1,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.1, pp. 1-31, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.059930 - 24 January 2025

    Abstract Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, salinity, and heavy metal contamination severely affect global agricultural productivity. Between 2005 and 2015, droughts caused losses of approximately USD 29 billion in developing countries, and from 2008 to 2018, droughts accounted for over 34% of crop and livestock yield losses, totaling about USD 37 billion. To support the growing human population, agricultural output must increase substantially, necessitating a 60%–100% rise in crop productivity to meet the escalating demand. To address environmental challenges, organic, inorganic, and microbial biostimulants are increasingly employed to enhance plant resilience through various morphological, physiological,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    KHSRP promotes cancer stem cell maintenance, tumorigenesis, and suppresses anti-tumor immunity in gastric cancer

    YARU DU1,2,#, ZHIHUI PEI1,3,#, SHUQIN HU4, CHUANWEN LIAO1, SHUHAO LIU1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 309-325, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.058273 - 16 January 2025

    Abstract Objectives: KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) is an RNA-binding protein involved in several cellular processes, including nuclear splicing, mRNA localization, and cytoplasmic degradation. While KHSRP’s role has been studied in other cancers, its specific involvement in gastric cancer remains poorly understood. This study aims to explore KHSRP expression in gastric cancer and its potential effects on tumor progression and immune response. Methods: KHSRP expression in gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues was analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The correlation between KHSRP expression, patient survival, and immune response was also assessed.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    EGR1 inhibits clear cell renal cell carcinoma proliferation and metastasis via the MAPK15 pathway

    NAIXIONG PENG, YUEFENG CAI, DONG CHEN, LING DENG, ZEJIAN ZHANG, WEI LI*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 347-356, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.056039 - 16 January 2025

    Abstract Background: Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC), the leading histological subtype of RCC, lacks any targeted therapy options. Although some studies have shown that early growth response factor 1 (EGR1) has a significant role in cancer development and progression, its role and underlying mechanisms in ccRCC remain poorly understood. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was utilized to examine the expression of EGR1 in ccRCC. The expression of EGR1 in 55 ccRCC tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The link between EGR1 expression and clinicopathological variables was examined through an analysis. Gain-of-function assays were employed to… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Apigenin facilitates apoptosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells via AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated ferroptosis

    CANCAN HE1,2,*, TINGTING ZHANG3, WEI XIONG4, SHENGYU WANG5, XIN SUN6

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 421-429, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.049757 - 16 January 2025

    Abstract Background: The outcomes of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain far less than favorable. While apigenin is an anti-cancer agent, studies on the mechanism by which it regulates ALL cell cycle progression are inadequate. Ferroptosis and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling are important processes for ALL patients. However, it remains unclear whether apigenin works by affecting AMPK and apoptosis. Materials and Methods: SUP-B15 and T-cell Jurkat ALL cells were treated with apigenin, and cell viability and apoptosis were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays, respectively.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    EMP2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion by activating cellular autophagy

    HAIYING PANG1,#, FENGBO WU1,#, YU ZHANG1, NAN ZHANG2, CHUNTING WANG1, QIU LI1, GU HE1,*, PENG ZHANG3,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 443-464, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.043948 - 16 January 2025

    Abstract Background: EMP2 is a tumor-associated membrane protein belonging to the GAS-3/PMP22 gene family. EMP2 expression demonstrates significant tissue specificity and heterogeneity in various human tissues and tumor tissues, where it may play a role in either promoting or inhibiting tumor growth. This study aimed to investigate the expression level, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of EMP2 in liver cancer. Methods: we analyzed the mRNA expression levels of EMPs family genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and normal liver tissues based on the TCGA database and immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays. Subsequently, we constructed HCC cell… More > Graphic Abstract

    EMP2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion by activating cellular autophagy

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Deep learning identification of novel autophagic protein-protein interactions and experimental validation of Beclin 2-Ubiquilin 1 axis in triple-negative breast cancer

    XIANG LI1,#, WENKE JIN2,#, LIFENG WU2, HUAN WANG1, XIN XIE1, WEI HUANG1,*, BO LIU2,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 67-81, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.055921 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by its lack of traditional hormone receptors and HER2, presents a significant challenge in oncology due to its poor response to conventional therapies. Autophagy is an important process for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and there are currently autophagy biomarkers that play an effective role in the clinical treatment of tumors. In contrast to targeting protein activity, intervention with protein-protein interaction (PPI) can avoid unrelated crosstalk and regulate the autophagy process with minimal interference pathways. Methods: Here, we employed Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, and k-Nearest Neighbors to elucidate the complex PPI… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    HNRNPC as a pan-cancer biomarker and therapeutic target involved in tumor progression and immune regulation

    YUEZHOU ZHANG1,#, ZHAO ZHANG2,#, JINXIN DONG1, CHANGAN LIU1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 83-102, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.055866 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Background: Aberrant expression of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) has been linked to a variety of diseases, including hematological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and multiple types of cancer. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), a member belonging to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family, plays a pivotal role in nucleic acid metabolism. Previous studies have underscored the significance of HNRNPC in tumorigenesis; however, its specific role in malignant tumor progression remains inadequately characterized. Methods: We leveraged publicly available databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), to explore the potential involvement of HNRNPC across various cancers. Additionally, we performed experimental… More > Graphic Abstract

    HNRNPC as a pan-cancer biomarker and therapeutic target involved in tumor progression and immune regulation

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    CAF-derived exosome-miR-3124-5p promotes malignant biological processes in NSCLC via the TOLLIP/TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway

    TAO SUN1,2, QINGHUA SONG3, HUA LIU1,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 133-148, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.054141 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Background: Lung cancer is a life-threatening disease that occurs worldwide, but is especially common in China. The crucial role of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has attracted recent attention. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main factors that contribute to the TME function, and CAF exosomes are closely linked to NSCLC. Methods: The expression levels of miR-3124-5p and Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP) were analysed by bioinformatics prediction combined with RT-qPCR/Western Blot detection. Fibroblasts were isolated and identified from clinical NSCLC tissues. Transmission electron microscopy and Western Blot were used to identify exosomes… More >

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