Amal Al-Rasheed¹, Rahim Khan^2,*, Fahad Alturise³, Salem Alkhalaf⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 957-973, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064102 - 09 June 2025

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is a smart infrastructure where devices share captured data with the respective server or edge modules. However, secure and reliable communication is among the challenging tasks in these networks, as shared channels are used to transmit packets. In this paper, a decision tree is integrated with other metrics to form a secure distributed communication strategy for IoT. Initially, every device works collaboratively to form a distributed network. In this model, if a device is deployed outside the coverage area of the nearest server, it communicates indirectly through the neighboring devices.… More >

Jixiang Wang¹, Jing Wei², Siqi Chen¹, Haiyang Yu^1,3,4, Yilong Ren^1,3,4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4167-4192, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.062503 - 19 May 2025

Abstract The real-time path optimization for heterogeneous vehicle fleets in large-scale road networks presents significant challenges due to conflicting traffic demands and imbalanced resource allocation. While existing vehicle-to-infrastructure coordination frameworks partially address congestion mitigation, they often neglect priority-aware optimization and exhibit algorithmic bias toward dominant vehicle classes—critical limitations in mixed-priority scenarios involving emergency vehicles. To bridge this gap, this study proposes a preference game-theoretic coordination framework with adaptive strategy transfer protocol, explicitly balancing system-wide efficiency (measured by network throughput) with priority vehicle rights protection (quantified via time-sensitive utility functions). The approach innovatively combines (1) a multi-vehicle… More >

Ahmed Abbas Jasim Al-Hchaimi¹, Yousif Raad Muhsen^2,3,*, Wisam Hazim Gwad⁴, Entisar Soliman Alkayal⁵, Riyadh Rahef Nuiaa Al Ogaili⁶, Zaid Abdi Alkareem Alyasseri^7,8, Alhamzah Alnoor⁹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.3, pp. 2661-2689, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.061318 - 03 March 2025

Abstract The implementation of Countermeasure Techniques (CTs) in the context of Network-On-Chip (NoC) based Multiprocessor System-On-Chip (MPSoC) routers against the Flooding Denial-of-Service Attack (F-DoSA) falls under Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) due to the three main concerns, called: traffic variations, multiple evaluation criteria-based traffic features, and prioritization NoC routers as an alternative. In this study, we propose a comprehensive evaluation of various NoC traffic features to identify the most efficient routers under the F-DoSA scenarios. Consequently, an MCDM approach is essential to address these emerging challenges. While the recent MCDM approach has some issues, such as uncertainty, this… More >

Qianshuo Liu, Jun Zhao^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.10, pp. 2663-2681, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.056054 - 30 October 2024

Abstract Traditional machine vision algorithms have difficulty handling the interference of light and shadow changes, broken rows, and weeds in the complex growth circumstances of soybean fields, which leads to erroneous navigation route segmentation. There are additional shortcomings in the feature extractFion capabilities of the conventional U-Net network. Our suggestion is to utilize an improved U-Net-based method to tackle these difficulties. First, we use ResNet’s powerful feature extraction capabilities to replace the original U-Net encoder. To enhance the concentration on characteristics unique to soybeans, we integrate a multi-scale high-performance attention mechanism. Furthermore, to do multi-scale feature… More >

Retno Asih^1,*, Haniffudin Nurdiansah², Mochamad Zainuri¹, Deni S. Khaerudini^3,4, Angelinus T. Setiawan⁴, A. Y. Dias⁴, Pudji Untoro^4,5, Ahmad Sholih¹, Darminto^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.5, pp. 969-979, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049097 - 17 July 2024

Abstract Biomass has become of recent interest as a raw material for ‘green’ graphenic carbon (GC) since it promotes an environmentally friendly approach. Here, we investigate a single pyrolysis route to synthesize GC from coconut shells which provides a simple method and can produce a high yield, thus being convenient for large-scale production. The pyrolysis involves a stepped holding process at 350°C for 1 h and at 650°C or 900°C for 3 h. The GC sample resulted at the 900°C pyrolysis has a thinner sheet, a less porous structure, a higher C/O ratio, and an enhanced More > Graphic Abstract

Meignanamoorthi Dhandapani^*, V. Vetriselvi, R. Aishwarya

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.140, No.3, pp. 2449-2486, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.050986 - 08 July 2024

Abstract The emergence of beyond 5G networks has the potential for seamless and intelligent connectivity on a global scale. Network slicing is crucial in delivering services for different, demanding vertical applications in this context. Next-generation applications have time-sensitive requirements and depend on the most efficient routing path to ensure packets reach their intended destinations. However, the existing IP (Internet Protocol) over a multi-domain network faces challenges in enforcing network slicing due to minimal collaboration and information sharing among network operators. Conventional inter-domain routing methods, like Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), cannot make routing decisions based on performance,… More >

Yu Song¹, Xusheng Qian², Nan Zhang³, Wei Wang², Ao Xiong^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.2, pp. 3007-3021, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.051217 - 15 May 2024

Abstract To enhance the efficiency and expediency of issuing e-licenses within the power sector, we must confront the challenge of managing the surging demand for data traffic. Within this realm, the network imposes stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, revealing the inadequacies of traditional routing allocation mechanisms in accommodating such extensive data flows. In response to the imperative of handling a substantial influx of data requests promptly and alleviating the constraints of existing technologies and network congestion, we present an architecture for QoS routing optimization with in Software Defined Network (SDN), leveraging deep reinforcement learning. This… More >

Jiajun Yan, Ying Zhou^*, Anchen Dai, Tao Wang

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 563-580, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048922 - 25 April 2024

Abstract As an emerging network paradigm, the software-defined network (SDN) finds extensive application in areas such as smart grids, the Internet of Things (IoT), and edge computing. The forwarding layer in software-defined networks is susceptible to eavesdropping attacks. Route hopping is a moving target defense (MTD) technology that is frequently employed to resist eavesdropping attacks. In the traditional route hopping technology, both request and reply packets use the same hopping path. If an eavesdropping attacker monitors the nodes along this path, the risk of 100% data leakage becomes substantial. In this paper, we present an effective… More >

Hongle Li¹, SeongKi Kim^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.1, pp. 473-492, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048402 - 25 April 2024

Abstract Demand Responsive Transit (DRT) responds to the dynamic users’ requests without any fixed routes and timetables and determines the stop and the start according to the demands. This study explores the optimization of dynamic vehicle scheduling and real-time route planning in urban public transportation systems, with a focus on bus services. It addresses the limitations of current shared mobility routing algorithms, which are primarily designed for simpler, single origin/destination scenarios, and do not meet the complex demands of bus transit systems. The research introduces an route planning algorithm designed to dynamically accommodate passenger travel needs… More >

Liting Jia¹, Xiao Han¹, Cuixia Qiao², Gang Zhao², Yanzhi Xia¹, Zhixin Xue^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.3, pp. 427-441, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.044310 - 11 April 2024

Abstract Ba²⁺ pre-crosslinked carrageenan fiber (Ba/CAF) was prepared by adding a small amount of Ba²⁺ to the carrageenan (CA) solution as the spinning solution. Ba/CAF-n/A, Ba/CAF-n/B and Ba/CAF-n/C were prepared with ethanol solution (combine A), high concentration BaCl₂ solution (combine B) and low concentration BaCl₂ solution (combine C), as coagulation bath and stretch bath, respectively. The combination of coagulation bath and stretch bath suitable for Ba²⁺ pre-crosslinking wet spinning was screened. The results showed that Ba²⁺ can induce the birefringence of the CA molecular chain, and the Ba²⁺ pre-crosslinking effect is the best when the CA mass fraction is 8.0 More > Graphic Abstract