D. Manohari^1,*, M. S. Kavitha², K. Periyakaruppan³, B. Chellapraba⁴

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 1547-1560, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.030540

Abstract Over the last decade, mobile Adhoc networks have expanded dramatically in popularity, and their impact on the communication sector on a variety of levels is enormous. Its uses have expanded in lockstep with its growth. Due to its instability in usage and the fact that numerous nodes communicate data concurrently, adequate channel and forwarder selection is essential. In this proposed design for a Cognitive Radio Cognitive Network (CRCN), we gain the confidence of each forwarding node by contacting one-hop and second level nodes, obtaining reports from them, and selecting the forwarder appropriately with the use of an optimization technique. At… More >

Abdllkader Esaid^1,*, Mary Agoyi²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1901-1915, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.027819

Abstract Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is decentralized wireless network and can communicate without existing infrastructure in many areas. MANET is vulnerable to various attacks that affect its performance such as blackhole attack. Blackhole attacker, inject fault routing information to persuade the source node to select the path with malicious node as the shortest path. To eliminate malicious nodes from launching any collaborative attack. A cooperative Trapping Approach (CTA) was proposed based on modifying Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol and trapping the malicious nodes by responding to the trap request message. The approach aims to eliminate and rule out… More >

S. Kalavathi^1,*, R. Nedunchelian²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 39-56, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.031522

Abstract Network analysis is a promising field in the area of network applications as different types of traffic grow enormously and exponentially. Reliable route prediction is a challenging task in the Large Scale Networks (LSN). Various non-self-learning and self-learning approaches have been adopted to predict reliable routing. Routing protocols decide how to send all the packets from source to the destination addresses across the network through their IP. In the current era, dynamic protocols are preferred as they network self-learning internally using an algorithm and may not entail being updated physically more than the static protocols. A novel method named Reliable… More >

Farid Nahli1¹, Alexander Paramonov¹, Naglaa F. Soliman², Hussah Nasser AlEisa^3,*, Reem Alkanhel², Ammar Muthanna¹, Abdelhamied A. Ateya⁴

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 561-572, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.031299

Abstract Next-generation networks, including the Internet of Things (IoT), fifth-generation cellular systems (5G), and sixth-generation cellular systems (6G), suffer from the dramatic increase of the number of deployed devices. This puts high constraints and challenges on the design of such networks. Structural changing of the network is one of such challenges that affect the network performance, including the required quality of service (QoS). The fractal dimension (FD) is considered one of the main indicators used to represent the structure of the communication network. To this end, this work analyzes the FD of the network and its use for telecommunication networks investigation… More >

M. V. Rajesh¹, T. Archana Acharya², Hafis Hajiyev³, E. Laxmi Lydia⁴, Haya Mesfer Alshahrani⁵, Mohamed K Nour⁶, Abdullah Mohamed⁷, Mesfer Al Duhayyim^8,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 933-949, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032549

Abstract Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) has been developed into a field of research and it purposes at linking many sensors enabling devices mostly to data collection and track applications. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a vital element of IoT paradigm since its inception and has developed into one of the chosen platforms for deploying many smart city application regions such as disaster management, intelligent transportation, home automation, smart buildings, and other such IoT-based application. The routing approaches were extremely-utilized energy efficient approaches with an initial drive that is, for balancing the energy amongst sensor nodes. The clustering and routing procedures… More >

P. Muthukrishnan^*, P. Muthu Kannan

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 1107-1122, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031962

Abstract Recently, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) finds applicability in different domains such as security, rescue operations, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), etc. VANET has unique features like high mobility, limited mobility patterns, adequate topology modifications, and wireless communication. Despite the benefits of VANET, scalability is a challenging issue which could be addressed by the use of cluster-based routing techniques. It enables the vehicles to perform intercluster communication via chosen CHs and optimal routes. The main drawback of VANET network is the network unsteadiness that results in minimum lifetime. In order to avoid reduced network lifetime in VANET, this paper presents an… More >

Zheng Zhang, Juan Chen^*, Qing Guo

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.134, No.3, pp. 1529-1563, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.021451

Abstract Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have been introduced into various applications, such as automated warehouse systems, flexible manufacturing systems, and container terminal systems. However, few publications have outlined problems in need of attention in AGV applications comprehensively. In this paper, several key issues and essential models are presented. First, the advantages and disadvantages of centralized and decentralized AGVs systems were compared; second, warehouse layout and operation optimization were introduced, including some omitted areas, such as AGVs fleet size and electrical energy management; third, AGVs scheduling algorithms in chessboardlike environments were analyzed; fourth, the classical route-planning algorithms for single AGV and multiple… More > Graphic Abstract

Arne Rüdiger^1,2, Peter Hendil-Forssell³, Cecilia Hedfors³, Mats Martinelle³, Stacy Trey^4,5,*, Mats Johansson^1,4

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 124-140, 2013, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2012.634109

Abstract The present study describes the use of an epoxy functional fatty acid, 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (EFA), extracted from birch (Betula pendula) outer bark to produce thermosets. The purifi ed epoxy fatty acid was polymerized by enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation utilizing Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) to form oligomers with targeted degrees of polymerization (DP) of 3, 6, and 9 and obtained DPs of 2.3, 5.9 and 7.3, respectively. It was determined that it is possible to fi rst enzymatically polymerize and aliphatically endcap the epoxy functional fatty acid resulting in controlled oligomer lengths while also maintaining the epoxy functionality for further reaction by… More >

V. Krishnakumar^*, R. Asokan

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.1, pp. 985-1000, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.029189

Abstract Wireless sensor Mobile ad hoc networks have excellent potential in moving and monitoring disaster area networks on real-time basis. The recent challenges faced in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) include scalability, localization, heterogeneous network, self-organization, and self-sufficient operation. In this background, the current study focuses on specially-designed communication link establishment for high connection stability of wireless mobile sensor networks, especially in disaster area network. Existing protocols focus on location-dependent communications and use networks based on typically-used Internet Protocol (IP) architecture. However, IP-based communications have a few limitations such as inefficient bandwidth utilization, high processing, less transfer speeds, and excessive memory… More >

V. A. Vijayakumar^*, J. Shanthini, S. Karthik, K. Srihari

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.1, pp. 659-669, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.028400

Abstract The autonomous driving aims at ensuring the vehicle to effectively sense the environment and use proper strategies to navigate the vehicle without the interventions of humans. Hence, there exist a prediction of the background scenes and that leads to discontinuity between the predicted and planned outputs. An optimal prediction engine is required that suitably reads the background objects and make optimal decisions. In this paper, the author(s) develop an autonomous model for vehicle driving using ensemble model for large Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) that uses three different modules involving (a) recognition model, (b) planning model and (c) prediction model. The… More >