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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Empowering Underground Utility Tunnel Operation and Maintenance with Data Intelligence: Risk Factors, Prospects, and Challenges

    Jie Zou1,2, Ping Wu2,*, Jianwei Chen3, Weijie Fan2, Yidong Xu2

    Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.3, pp. 441-471, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.058864 - 03 April 2025

    Abstract As an essential part of the urban infrastructure, underground utility tunnels have a long service life, complex structural performance evolution and dynamic changes both inside and outside the tunnel. These combined factors result in a wide variety of disaster risks during the operation and maintenance phase, which make risk management and control particularly challenging. This work first reviews three common representative disaster factors during the operation and maintenance period: settlement, earthquakes, and explosions. It summarizes the causes of disasters, key technologies, and research methods. Then, it delves into the research on the intelligent operation and More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Investigation into Dust Migration Patterns in Small-Section Tunnels and Large Steep-Sloped Inclined Shafts

    Baoli Zang1, Liyang Shao1, Yang Li1, Hao Ran2, Liangwen Wei2,*

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 555-571, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.054275 - 01 April 2025

    Abstract This study focuses on addressing ventilation and dust removal challenges during the construction of small-section tunnels using drilling and blasting techniques. Specifically, the research examines the shale gas gathering and transmission trunk line project in the Weiyuan and Luzhou blocks. To gain deeper insights into dust migration patterns, numerical simulations were conducted. The study further analyzed dust migration behavior in small-section tunnels and large steep-sloped shafts, taking into account various factors such as ventilation distance, tunnel slope, and section size. The results indicate that optimal ventilation occurs at distances of 15 and 13 m. Additionally, More >

  • Open Access

    CASE REPORT

    Aorta–Right Atrial Tunnel in an Infant

    Xu Liu, Yanjun Sun, Xiafeng Yu, Yiwei Liu, Hao Zhang*

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.1, pp. 103-113, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.063108 - 18 March 2025

    Abstract Aorta–right atrial tunnel (ARAT) is an extremely rare congenital heart malformation with an average age of diagnosis of approximately 20 years. Its clinical symptoms are varied and often atypical. ARAT usually originates from the left or right sinus of Valsalva. In this case report, we aim to share a rare case of ARAT originating from the noncoronary sinus in an infant. The patient presented with a cardiac murmur, a dilated right heart, and a tortuous tunnel originating from the dilated noncoronary sinus and terminating at the right atrium in echocardiogram and computed tomography angiography. The More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Numerical Analysis of Urban-Rail Vehicle/Tunnel Aerodynamic Interaction

    Haoran Meng1,2,3, Nianxun Li4, Xukui Shen2, Hong Zhang2, Tian Li4,*

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 161-178, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.055389 - 24 January 2025

    Abstract The pressure wave generated by an urban-rail vehicle when passing through a tunnel affects the comfort of passengers and may even cause damage to the train and related tunnel structures. Therefore, controlling the train speed in the tunnel is extremely important. In this study, this problem is investigated numerically in the framework of the standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model. In particular, an eight-car urban rail train passing through a tunnel at different speeds (140, 160, 180 and 200 km/h) is considered. The results show that the maximum aerodynamic drag of the head and tail cars is More >

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    Analysis of Pressure Relief Duct's Effectiveness in a Single-Track Parallel Tunnel for High-Speed Undersea Railway

    Suhwan Yun1,*, Wonhee Park1, Duckhee Lee1, Teasoon Kwon1, Heeup Lee1

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011343

    Abstract This study examines the effectiveness of Pressure Relief Ducts (PRDs) in mitigating pressure fluctuations within single-track parallel tunnels of undersea railways during high-speed train operations. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was conducted under five conditions: without PRDs and with PRDs installed at intervals of 250m, 500m, 750m, and 1,000m. The analysis evaluated internal train travel within the tunnel and calculated both internal and external pressure fluctuations of the train. Safety standards were applied to assess cabin pressure fluctuations. Results revealed a significant reduction of approximately 30% in external cabin pressure fluctuations with PRD application, meeting safety More >

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    Leakage Diffusion and Monitor of Hydrogen-Blended Natural Gas Pipeline in Utility Tunnel

    Pengfei Duan1,*, Luling Li1, Jianhui Liu1

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.30, No.4, pp. 1-1, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.012431

    Abstract The supply of hydrogen-blended natural gas to civil and industrial users can assist downstream firm to achieve carbon emission reduction, and ensure energy security as an alternative gas source. This application mode has been widely concerned by urban gas enterprises. This paper focuses on the leakage problem of hydrogen-blended pipelines in utility tunnel due to corrosion and other reasons. Using dimensional analysis method, a model experiment is designed to verify that the three-dimensional compressible fluid model coupled with transport equations can effectively simulate the concentration change of hydrogen-blended natural gas after leakage in the utility… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Tree-Based Solution Frameworks for Predicting Tunnel Boring Machine Performance Using Rock Mass and Material Properties

    Danial Jahed Armaghani1,*, Zida Liu2, Hadi Khabbaz1, Hadi Fattahi3, Diyuan Li2, Mohammad Afrazi4

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.3, pp. 2421-2451, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.052210 - 31 October 2024

    Abstract Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) are vital for tunnel and underground construction due to their high safety and efficiency. Accurately predicting TBM operational parameters based on the surrounding environment is crucial for planning schedules and managing costs. This study investigates the effectiveness of tree-based machine learning models, including Random Forest, Extremely Randomized Trees, Adaptive Boosting Machine, Gradient Boosting Machine, Extreme Gradient Boosting Machine (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine, and CatBoost, in predicting the Penetration Rate (PR) of TBMs by considering rock mass and material characteristics. These techniques are able to provide a good relationship between input(s)… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Study on Temperature Distribution and Smoke Spreading Behavior of Different Fire Source Locations in the Underwater W-Shaped Island-Crossing Tunnel

    Zhisheng Xu1, Juan Wang1, Zihan Yu1, Jiaming Zhao2,*

    Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.4, pp. 1129-1151, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.053695 - 30 August 2024

    Abstract Called island-crossing tunnels, some specific underwater tunneling projects face constraints imposed by geological and water conditions, necessitating their passage through artificial or natural islands. The longitudinal of the tunnel follows a W-shaped distribution. The congestion situation does not allow for immediate longitudinal smoke exhaust at the early stage of the fire, and the natural spread of smoke is complicated. An exhaustive investigation was carried out to analyze the smoke behaviors during a fire incident, employing the fire dynamics software FDS, considering five slopes and four fire locations. The simulation results reveal that the layer of… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Study of the Influence of the Distance between Smoke Outlets and Fire Source on Smoke Flow Characteristics in Tunnel Fires

    Liang Yi, Zhiqiang Lei, Zhisheng Xu, Yaolong Yin, Houlin Ying*

    Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.22, No.4, pp. 977-996, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.053688 - 30 August 2024

    Abstract This paper explores the smoke flow characteristics in tunnel fires, giving a particular emphasis on the effects of different distances between the smoke outlets and the fire source. It examines the smoke behavior under different conditions, including variations in heat release rates, exhaust volumetric flow rates, spacing between smoke outlets, and the longitudinal fire source positions. Results indicate that altering the fire source positions and the smoke outlets in the tunnel leads to variations in the properties of smoke flow both the fire source upstream and downstream; the distance between fire source and smoke outlet… More > Graphic Abstract

    Study of the Influence of the Distance between Smoke Outlets and Fire Source on Smoke Flow Characteristics in Tunnel Fires

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Aerodynamic Torque for Axle-Mounted Train Brake Discs

    Nan Liu1,2, Chen Hong3,4,5, Xinchao Su3,4,5, Xing Jin1,2, Chen Jiang3,4,5,*, Yuqi Shi1,2, Bingkun Wang1,2

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.20, No.8, pp. 1867-1882, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.047427 - 06 August 2024

    Abstract As the velocity of a train increases, the corresponding air pumping power consumption of the brake discs increases proportionally. In the present experimental study, a standard axle-mounted brake disc with circumferential pillars was analyzed using a 1:1 scale model and a test rig in a wind tunnel. In particular, three upstream velocities were selected on the basis of earlier investigations of trains operating at 160, 250, and 400 km/h, respectively. Moreover, 3D steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the flow field were conducted to compare with the wind tunnel test outcomes. The results for More >

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