Xun Zhang¹, Wanrong Bai¹, Haoyang Cui^2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.3, pp. 665-679, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.020342

Abstract Optical Character Recognition (OCR) refers to a technology that uses image processing technology and character recognition algorithms to identify characters on an image. This paper is a deep study on the recognition effect of OCR based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, in which the different AI algorithms for OCR analysis are classified and reviewed. Firstly, the mechanisms and characteristics of artificial neural network-based OCR are summarized. Secondly, this paper explores machine learning-based OCR, and draws the conclusion that the algorithms available for this form of OCR are still in their infancy, with low generalization and fixed recognition errors, albeit with… More >

Unique Karki^*, Bhaskaran Gopalakrishnan

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 345-365, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.025600

Abstract Industrial applications that require steam for their end-use generally utilize steam boilers that are typically oversized, citing operations flexibility. Similarly, gas turbine-based power plants corroborate a gas turbine system that may eventually relieve the usable exhaust into the atmosphere. This study explores the economic and technical feasibility of a topping cycle combined heat and power (CHP) system. It does so by leveraging a partially loaded boiler or gas turbine by increasing its unused load to generate steam and heat for subsequent usage. To this end, a decision support tool (COGENTEC) was developed, which emulates a given facility’s boiler or gas-turbine… More > Graphic Abstract

Vivash Karki¹, Roseline Mostafa², Bhaskaran Gopalakrishnan^2,*, Derek R. Johnson³

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 561-586, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.025218

Abstract Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) are computer-based systems that aid in managing, controlling, and monitoring the building technical services and energy consumption by equipment used in the building. The effectiveness of BEMS is dependent upon numerous factors, among which the operational characteristics of the building and the BEMS control parameters also play an essential role. This research develops a user-driven simulation tool where users can input the building parameters and BEMS controls to determine the effectiveness of their BEMS. The simulation tool gives the user the flexibility to understand the potential energy savings by employing specific BEMS control and help… More > Graphic Abstract

Haibo Li^1,*, Yibao Wang¹, Xinfu Pang¹, Wei Liu¹, Xu Zhang²

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 317-343, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.023715

Abstract Electric-heat coupling characteristics of a cogeneration system and the operating mode of fixing electricity with heat are the main reasons for wind abandonment during the heating season in the Three North area. To improve the wind-power absorption capacity and operating economy of the system, the structure of the system is improved by adding a heat storage device and an electric boiler. First, aiming at the minimum operating cost of the system, the optimal scheduling model of the cogeneration system, including a heat storage device and electric boiler, is constructed. Second, according to the characteristics of the problem, a cultural gene… More >

Jiulong Sun¹, Yanbo Che^1,*, Ting Yang¹, Jian Zhang², Yibin Cai¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 367-384, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.023661

Abstract As the number of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to grow and the demand for charging infrastructure is also increasing, how to improve the charging infrastructure has become a bottleneck restricting the development of EVs. In other words, reasonably planning the location and capacity of charging stations is important for development of the EV industry and the safe and stable operation of the power system. Considering the construction and maintenance of the charging station, the distribution network loss of the charging station, and the economic loss on the user side of the EV, this paper takes the node and capacity of… More > Graphic Abstract

Yukun Lv, Zeze Chen^*, Quanzhi Ge, Qian Wang, Yazhao Zhang

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 483-499, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.023649

Abstract To investigate the fouling characteristics of the composite insulator surface under the salt fog environment, the FXBW-110/120-2 composite insulator was taken as the research object. Based on the field-induced charge mechanism, the multi-physical field coupling software COMSOL was used to numerically simulate the fouling characteristics, explored the calculation method of ESDD, and demonstrated its rationality. Based on this method, the pollution characteristics of the composite insulator under the pollution fog environment were studied, and the influence of wind speed, droplet size, and voltage type on the pollution characteristics of the composite insulator was analyzed. The results showed that: with the… More > Graphic Abstract

Chuanjian Wu, Dahai Zhang^*, Jinghan He

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 299-316, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.023532

Abstract The DC grid technology of multi-power supply and multi-drop-point power reception is an effective solution for large-scale renewable energy integration into the power grid. Line-commutated converter-Voltage source converter (LCC-VSC) power grids are one of the more important developmental directions of the future power grid that have occured in recent years. But the multi-terminal high voltage direct current system has the problems of inconsistent boundary characteristics, inconsistent control, and fault response characteristics, which puts higher requirements on the protection scheme. Thus, a completely new protection principle is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the fault characteristics of distributed capacitance current are analyzed.… More >

Xing Deng^1,2, Feipeng Da^1,*, Haijian Shao², Xia Wang³

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 385-408, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.023480

Abstract Photovoltaic power generating is one of the primary methods of utilizing solar energy resources, with large-scale photovoltaic grid-connected power generation being the most efficient way to fully utilize solar energy. In order to provide reference strategies for pertinent researchers as well as potential implementation, this paper tries to provide a survey investigation and technical analysis of machine learning-related approaches, statistical approaches and optimization techniques for solar power generation and forecasting. Deep learning-related methods, in particular, can theoretically handle arbitrary nonlinear transformations through proper model structural design, such as hidden layer topology optimization and objective function analysis to save information that… More > Graphic Abstract

Anfeng Zhu¹, Qiancheng Zhao^1,*, Lin Gui¹, Tianlong Yang¹, Xuebing Yang²

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 425-444, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.023049

Abstract To ensure wind turbine (WT) safe operations and improve the utilization rate of wind energy, effective evaluation of the operation state of the pitch system is critical. Therefore, a new method was proposed to evaluate the operation state of the pitch system of WT based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, based on SCADA data, the working state of the pitch system under rated power state and power state of WT were analyzed. Secondly, through the analysis of characteristic parameters and physical mechanism of the pitch system, the consistency principle of characteristic parameters, the stability principle of power under rated state,… More >

Yong Zheng¹, Lei Zhao¹, Yujiang Wang¹, Feng Chang¹, Weijia Dong^2,*, Xinying Liu², Yunfei Li², Xiaohan Zhang², Ziyuan Zhao³

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 529-540, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.022765

Abstract Supersonic separation technology is a new natural gas sweetening method for the treatment of natural gas with high CO₂ (carbon dioxide) content. The structures of the Laval nozzle and the supersonic separator were designed, and the mathematical models of supersonic condensation and swirling separation for CO₂-CH₄ mixture gas were established. The supersonic condensation characteristics of CO₂ in natural gas and the separation characteristics of condensed droplets under different inlet pressures were studied. The results show that higher inlet pressure results in a larger droplet radius and higher liquid phase mass fraction; additionally, the influence of centrifugal force is more pronounced,… More >