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ARTICLE

MHD Natural Convection in a Triangular Cavity Filled with a Ferrofluid and an Inclined Wavy Wall with an Insulated Baffle

Anandhi C.1, Narsu Sivakumar1,*, Revathi Devi M.2
1 Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
2 Department of Mathematics, Chennai Institute of Technology, Kundrathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
* Corresponding Author: Narsu Sivakumar. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Heat and Mass Transfer: Integrating Numerical Methods with Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data-Driven Approaches)

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer https://doi.org/10.32604/fhmt.2026.075232

Received 28 October 2025; Accepted 19 January 2026; Published online 19 February 2026

Abstract

This work explores a Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in a triangular cavity with a thermally insulated baffle. Enclosure’s inclined wall is hotter, whereas the vertical border is adiabatic and the bottom is cooler. The study aims to clarify how geometric changes affect thermal performance and offers new perspectives on how to improve heat dissipation mechanisms. A COMSOL Multiphysics version 6.2 has been used to solve numerical solutions. Streamlines and thermal distributions are examined systematically in order to understand how the unique geometry and baffle size of triangular cavities can influence the fluid flow. This influence can result in optimized flow patterns, promoting efficient heat transfer by directing the fluid to specific areas that require more cooling. In comparison with conventional designs, this optimization results in more efficient convective heat transfer, which raises cooling efficiency and lowers thermal resistance. Furthermore, by strengthening heat transfer characteristics in heat transfer systems, these geometries increase thermal efficiency, which helps several sectors, including the production of electricity, HVAC, and the automobile industry.

Keywords

Natural convection; ferrofluid; triangular cavity; wavy wall

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