QIUQIANG CHEN^1,*, XUEJUN GUO², WENXUE MA^3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 49-60, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.042383

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) playing a pivotal role in modulating the immune response. CD47, a cell surface protein, has been identified as a crucial regulator of the TME and a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. However, the precise functions and implications of CD47 in the TME during immunotherapy for cancer patients remain incompletely understood. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of CD47’s multifaced role in TME regulation and immune evasion, elucidating its impact on various types of immunotherapy outcomes, including checkpoint inhibitors and… More > Graphic Abstract

HANYANG GUAN^1,#, YUE WU^2,#, LU LI^3,#, YABING YANG¹, SHENGHUI QIU¹, ZHAN ZHAO¹, XIAODONG CHU¹, JIASHUAI HE¹, ZUYANG CHEN¹, YIRAN ZHANG¹, HUI DING¹, JINGHUA PAN^1,*, YUNLONG PAN^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.31, No.4, pp. 437-448, 2023, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.029924

Abstract Neoantigen-targeted immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field that holds great promise for treating cancer. The recognition of antigens by immune cells is a crucial step in tumor-specific killing, and neoantigens generated by mutations in cancer cells possess high immunogenicity and are selectively expressed in tumor cells, making them an attractive therapeutic target. Currently, neoantigens find utility in various domains, primarily in the realm of neoantigen vaccines such as DC vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, and synthetic long peptide vaccines. Additionally, they hold promise in adoptive cell therapy, encompassing tumor-infiltrating cells, T cell receptors, and chimeric antigen receptors which are expressed by… More > Graphic Abstract

SUKUMARAN ANIL^1,2,*, RAMYA RAMADOSS³, NEBU G. THOMAS⁴, JASMIN M. GEORGE⁴, VISHNUPRIYA K. SWEETY⁴

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 71-80, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.024334

Abstract Exfoliated deciduous or an extracted healthy adult tooth can be used to harvest, process, and cryogenically preserve dental pulp stem cells. Future stem cell-based regenerative medicine methods could benefit significantly from these mesenchymal stem cells. Teeth serve as a substantial source of mesenchymal stem cells, otherwise disposed of as medical waste. Care should be taken to store this treasure trove of stem cells. Collective responsibility of patients, dentists, and physicians is necessary to ensure that this valuable resource is not wasted and that every possible dental pulp stem cell is available for use in the future. The dental pulp stem… More >

JU HYUNG LEE¹, IL-KWON KIM^2,3, SANG WOO KIM^2,3, SOYEON LIM^2,3, SEAHYOUNG LEE^2,3, KI-CHUL HWANG^2,3, BYEONG-WOOK SONG^2,3,*

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.10, pp. 2231-2234, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.020179

Abstract The complex mechanism of degenerative diseases and the non-specific modulation of regenerative targets are topics that need to be elucidated in order to advance the use of stem cells in improvement of neurodegenerative diseases. From pre-transplantation through post-transplantation, there are many changes in the conditions, both inside and outside of the stem cells that have not been carefully considered. This has hindered development in the field of cell therapy and regeneration. This viewpoint highlights the potential implications of intracellular and extracellular alterations of stem cells in transplanted areas at risk of neurodegenerative disease. More >

AMANDA BARACHO TRINDADE HILL^1,2,*, JONATHAN EDWIN BARACHO TRINDADE HILL²

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.5, pp. 1173-1176, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.018637

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an important tool in veterinary regenerative medicine due to their ability to home to injury sites and secrete molecules that regulate niches into regenerative microenvironments. Successful cell therapy depends on many factors, including choice of administration route and application of understanding of cell potency and their therapeutic mechanisms. In this point of view, the authors leverage the tumultuous history of the field to demonstrate the need for clinicians to continually update themselves as new discoveries are made in order to avoid misalignments in the future, especially regarding administration routes and dose frequency, as well as… More >

MAKOTO NABETANI^1,*, TAKEO MUKAI²

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.4, pp. 873-879, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.018218

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by impairments in social communication, abnormal to absent verbal communication, the presence of repetitive stereotypic verbal and non-verbal behaviors and restricted interests, with onset early in life. We showed cognitive and behavioral characteristics of ASD by impairment of communication, cognition, perception, motor skills, executive function, theory of mind and emotion control. Recently, pathogenesis of immune pathology in the brains of individuals with ASD has been focused. New therapeutic approaches in the viewpoints of immune modulation and microglial function are logical for novel treatments for individuals with ASD. Cell therapies such… More >

RUXIN ZHANG¹, CHENGGANG LI², RUOCHEN DU¹, YITONG YUAN¹, BICHUN ZHAO¹, YUJUAN ZHANG¹, CHUNFANG WANG^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.46, No.3, pp. 583-592, 2022, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2022.017248

Abstract Extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies have shown that aggregates of extracellular Aβ can induce neuroinflammation mediated neurotoxic signaling through microglial activation and release of pro-inflammatory factors. Thus, modulation of Aβ might be a potential therapeutic strategy for modifying disease progression. Recently, a large number of reports have confirmed the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on AD. It is believed to reduce neuroinflammation, reduce Aβ amyloid deposits and NFTs, increase acetylcholine levels, promote neurogenesis, reduce neuronal damage, and improve working memory and cognition. In this review, we… More >

FRANCESCO MAININI^*

BIOCELL, Vol.45, No.5, pp. 1171-1173, 2021, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.017399

Abstract Adoptive cell therapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade Inhibitors have recently revolutionized the field of oncology. However, these types of immunotherapeutic approaches have limited success in treating solid tumors. In particular, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells efficacy is hampered by immunosuppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and by a limited infiltration of re-infused T cells to the tumor site. The field of nanobiotechnology applied to oncology is also rapidly expanding. Nanoparticles-based delivery systems can be employed to modulate the activity of immune cells present in the TME enhancing the efficacy of CAR-T cells. Interestingly, nano-backpacks can be attached to CAR-T… More >

JIGANG LEI^1,#, ZHENYAO XU^2,#, SUKE LI¹, MENG LI¹, ZHIKAI WANG³, PING LI¹, JING WANG¹, YINGLU CHEN¹, XIAOLE SONG¹, CHENGJIE REN¹, MEIPING SHEN¹, CHENGXIANG DAI^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.45, No.3, pp. 537-546, 2021, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.014569

Abstract Psoriasis is an autoimmune-related chronic inflammatory disease with an approximate prevalence of 2–3% around the world, involving increased keratinocyte proliferation. Indeed, Th17 cells and IL-17 play critical roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The monoclonal antibodies against cytokines have been shown to have effectively immunosuppressive effects on human psoriasis. However, there are still some patients that have no response to these treatments. Some patients have even serious side-effects which may affect their life. Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects, which may be an alternative therapy with more safety and efficacy for human psoriasis. Moreover, the… More >

Yesica Romina FRONTINI-LÓPEZ¹, Aldana Daniela GOJANOVICH¹, Diego MASONE^1,2, Diego Martín BUSTOS^1,3, Marina UHART¹

BIOCELL, Vol.42, No.3, pp. 67-78, 2018, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2018.07013

Abstract In the last years, much work has shown that the most effective repair system of the body is represented by stem cells, which are defined as undifferentiated precursors that own unlimited or prolonged self-renewal ability, which also have the potential to transform themselves into various cell types through differentiation.All tissues that form the body contain many different types of somatic cells, along with stem cells that are called ‘mesenchymal stem (or stromal) cells’ (MSC). In certain circumstances, some of these MSC migrate to injured tissues to replace dead cells or to undergo differentiation to repair it.The discovery of MSC has… More >