Waleed Shahjehan¹, Abid Ullah¹, Syed Waqar Shah¹, Imran Khan¹, Nor Samsiah Sani², Ki-Il Kim^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.72, No.2, pp. 2797-2810, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.026185

Abstract Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) Massive MIMO is one of the most effective technology for the fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. It improves both the spectral and energy efficiency by utilizing the 30–300 GHz millimeter-wave bandwidth and a large number of antennas at the base station. However, increasing the number of antennas requires a large number of radio frequency (RF) chains which results in high power consumption. In order to reduce the RF chain's energy, cost and provide desirable quality-of-service (QoS) to the subscribers, this paper proposes an energy-efficient hybrid precoding algorithm for mmWave massive MIMO networks based on the idea of RF chains… More >

L. Vasanth^*, N. J. R. Muniraj

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.33, No.2, pp. 955-966, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.022979

Abstract Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) is an advanced communication technology that is often used for secure data transfer for military and other applications while transmitting data with high error and noise. To address this issue, a step-by-step hybrid Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation scheme in the MIMO system for a complex Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) format is recommended. When compared to Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), this approach provides twice the data rate while using half the bandwidth. The complexity is lowered through multiplication and addition, as well as error and noise reduction in data transport, and MIMO detection… More >

Muhannad Y. Muhsin^1,*, Ali J. Salim², Jawad K. Ali²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.42, No.3, pp. 919-934, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.023102

Abstract A compact self-isolated Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) antenna array is presented for 5G mobile phone devices. The proposed antenna system is operating at the 3.5 GHz band (3400–3600 MHz) and consists of eight antenna elements placed along two side edges of a mobile device, which meets the current trend requirements of full-screen smartphone devices. Each antenna element is divided into two parts, a front part and back part. The front part consists of an I-shaped feeding line and a modified Hilbert fractal monopole antenna, whereas the back part is an L-shaped element shorted to the system ground by a… More >

Kyu-haeng Lee^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 5561-5580, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.024562

Abstract Recently, as deep learning technologies have received much attention for their great potential in extracting the principal components of data, there have been many efforts to apply them to the Channel State Information (CSI) feedback overhead problem, which can significantly limit Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) beamforming gains. Unfortunately, since most compression models can quickly become outdated due to channel variation, timely model updates are essential for reflecting the current channel conditions, resulting in frequent additional transmissions for model sharing between transceivers. In particular, the heavy network models employed by most previous studies to achieve high compression gains exacerbate the impact of… More >

Waleed Shahjehan¹, Abid Ullah¹, Syed Waqar Shah¹, Ayman A. Aly², Bassem F. Felemban², Wonjong Noh^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.3, pp. 5399-5411, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022034

Abstract Millimeter wave communication works in the 30–300 GHz frequency range, and can obtain a very high bandwidth, which greatly improves the transmission rate of the communication system and becomes one of the key technologies of fifth-generation (5G). The smaller wavelength of the millimeter wave makes it possible to assemble a large number of antennas in a small aperture. The resulting array gain can compensate for the path loss of the millimeter wave. Utilizing this feature, the millimeter wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system uses a large antenna array at the base station. It enables the transmission of multiple data streams,… More >

Farung Samklang, Peerapong Uthansakul, Monthippa Uthansakul^*, Patikorn Anchuen

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 1887-1902, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.022139

Abstract Precoding is a beamforming technique that supports multi-stream transmission in which the RF chain plays a significant role as a digital precoding at the receiver for wireless communication. The traditional precoding contains only digital signal processing and each antenna connects to each RF chain, which provides high transmission efficiency but high cost and hardware complexity. Hybrid precoding is one of the most popular massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques that can save costs and avoid using complex hardware. At present, network services are currently in focus with a wide range of traffic volumes. In terms of the Quality of… More >

Imran Khan¹, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi², Marwa Obayya³, Anwer Mustafa Hilal⁴, Manar Ahmed Hamza⁴, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁴, Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani⁵, Hirofumi Amano⁶, Samih M. Mostafa^7,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 697-715, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021847

Abstract With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the spectrum resources are increasingly strained which needs optimal solutions. Cognitive radio (CR) is one of the key technologies to solve this problem. Spectrum sensing not only includes the precise detection of the communication signal of the primary user (PU), but also the precise identification of its modulation type, which can then determine the a priori information such as the PU’ service category, so as to use this information to make the cognitive user (CU) aware to discover and use the idle spectrum more effectively, and improve the spectrum utilization. Spectrum sensing… More >

Samira Mujkic^1,*, Suad Kasapovic¹, Mohammed Abuibaid²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 871-888, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021441

Abstract This paper investigates the resource optimization problem for a multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network in which each base station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antennas and each base station (BS) adapts the number of antennas to the daily load profile (DLP). This paper takes into consideration user location distribution (ULD) variation and evaluates its impact on the energy efficiency of load adaptive massive MIMO system. ULD variation is modeled by dividing the cell into two coverage areas with different user densities: boundary focused (BF) and center focused (CF) ULD. All cells are assumed identical in terms… More >

S. Markkandan^1,*, S. Sivasubramanian², Jaison Mulerikkal³, Nazeer Shaik⁴, Beulah Jackson⁵, Lakshmi Naryanan⁶

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 361-375, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.021779

Abstract The codebook design is the most essential core technique in constrained feedback massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system communications. MIMO vectors have been generally isotropic or evenly distributed in traditional codebook designs. In this paper, Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based clustering codebook design is proposed, which is inspired by the strong classification and analytical abilities of clustering techniques. Huge quantities of channel state information (CSI) are initially saved as entry data of the clustering process. Further, split into N number of clusters based on the shortest distance. The centroids part of clustering has been utilized for constructing a codebook with statistic… More >

Aman Kumar Mishra, Vijayakumar Ponnusamy^*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 131-148, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.021017

Abstract

Cell-Free massive MIMO (mMIMO) offers promising features such as higher spectral efficiency, higher energy efficiency and superior spatial diversity, which makes it suitable to be adopted in beyond 5G (B5G) networks. However, the original form of Cell-Free massive MIMO requires each AP to be connected to CPU via front haul (front-haul constraints) resulting in huge economic costs and network synchronization issues. Radio Stripe architecture of cell-free mMIMO is one such architecture of cell-free mMIMO which is suitable for practical deployment. In this paper, we propose DNN Based Parallel Decoding in Radio Stripe (DNNBPDRS) to decode the symbols of User Equipments… More >