Shinjin Kang¹, Soo Kyun Kim^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 3725-3736, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016828

Abstract In this study, we propose a low-cost system that can detect the space outlier utilization of residents in an indoor environment. We focus on the users’ app usage to analyze unusual behavior, especially in indoor spaces. This is reflected in the behavioral analysis in that the frequency of using smartphones in personal spaces has recently increased. Our system facilitates autonomous data collection from mobile app logs and Google app servers and generates a high-dimensional dataset that can detect outlier behaviors. The density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm was applied for effective singular movement analysis. To analyze high-level… More >

Latif Jan¹, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar¹, Abdul Waheed², Mahdi Zareei³, Faisal Alanazi^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 3133-3145, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.014857

Abstract Spatial diversity plays a significant role in wireless communication systems, including the Fourth Generation (4G) and Fifth Generation (5G) systems, and it is expected to be a fundamental part of the future wireless communication systems as well. The Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology, which is included in the IEEE 802.16j standard, still holds the most crucial position in the 4G spectrum as it promises to improve the throughput, capacity, spectral, and energy efficiency of wireless communication systems in the 2020s. This makes MIMO a viable technology for delay constrained medical and health care facilities. This paper presents an approximate closed-form expression… More >

Muhammad Ahmad^1,*, Rana Aamir Raza², Manuel Mazzara³, Salvatore Distefano⁴, Ali Kashif Bashir⁵, Adil Khan³, Muhammad Shahzad Sarfraz¹, Muhammad Umar Aftab¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 1673-1692, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016232

Abstract Smartphones have ubiquitously integrated into our home and work environments, however, users normally rely on explicit but inefficient identification processes in a controlled environment. Therefore, when a device is stolen, a thief can have access to the owner’s personal information and services against the stored passwords. As a result of this potential scenario, this work proposes an automatic legitimate user identification system based on gait biometrics extracted from user walking patterns captured by smartphone sensors. A set of preprocessing schemes are applied to calibrate noisy and invalid samples and augment the gait-induced time and frequency domain features, then further optimized… More >

Imran Ashraf, Soojung Hur, Yousaf Bin Zikria, Yongwan Park^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2597-2620, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016214

Abstract Predominantly the localization accuracy of the magnetic field-based localization approaches is severed by two limiting factors: Smartphone heterogeneity and smaller data lengths. The use of multifarious smartphones cripples the performance of such approaches owing to the variability of the magnetic field data. In the same vein, smaller lengths of magnetic field data decrease the localization accuracy substantially. The current study proposes the use of multiple neural networks like deep neural network (DNN), long short term memory network (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit network (GRN) to perform indoor localization based on the embedded magnetic sensor of the smartphone. A voting scheme… More >

Zhi-Yu Yang, Yi-Ling Chou, Hao-Chun Yang, Chin-Wen Chen^*, Syang-Peng Rwei^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.5, pp. 867-880, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.014476

Abstract A series of thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) and thermoplastic poly(ester amide)s elastomer (TPEaE) copolymers were obtained by depolymerizing PET (polyethylene terephthalate) by which the waste PET can be efficiently recovered and recycled into value-added products from a practical and economical point of view. The structure of TPEE and TPEaE was identified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data showed that the melting temperature (T_m) decreased with the amide content increased. The glass transition temperature (T_g) was increased as introducing the amide group, and the formation of amide-ester and amide-amide hydrogen bonds… More >

Zhengqiu Weng^1,2, Timing Chen^1,*, Tiantian Zhu¹, Hang Dong¹, Dan Zhou¹, Osama Alfarraj³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.37, No.1, pp. 105-119, 2021, DOI:10.32604/csse.2021.015074

Abstract Internet traffic encryption is a very common traffic protection method. Most internet traffic is protected by the encryption protocol called transport layer security (TLS). Although traffic encryption can ensure the security of communication, it also enables malware to hide its information and avoid being detected. At present, most of the malicious traffic detection methods are aimed at the unencrypted ones. There are some problems in the detection of encrypted traffic, such as high false positive rate, difficulty in feature extraction, and insufficient practicability. The accuracy and effectiveness of existing methods need to be improved. In this paper, we present TLSmell,… More >

Abdul Rehman Javed^1,*, Rabia Abid², Bakhtawar Aslam², Hafiza Ammara Khalid², Mohammad Zubair Khan³, Omar H. Alhazmi³, Muhammad Rizwan²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 1933-1950, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015272

Abstract With the popularity of green computing and the huge usage of networks, there is an acute need for expansion of the 5G network. 5G is used where energy efficiency is the highest priority, and it can play a pinnacle role in helping every industry to hit sustainability. While in the 5G network, conventional performance guides, such as network capacity and coverage are still major issues and need improvements. Device to Device communication (D2D) communication technology plays an important role to improve the capacity and coverage of 5G technology using different techniques. The issue of energy utilization in the IoT based… More >

Yuhua Sun¹, Lili Yan^1,*, Zhibin Sun², Shibin Zhang¹, Jiazhong Lu¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2385-2395, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012696

Abstract

Private comparison is the basis of many encryption technologies, and several related Quantum Private Comparison (QPC) protocols have been published in recent years. In these existing protocols, secret information is encoded by using conjugate coding or orthogonal states, and all users are quantum participants. In this paper, a novel semi-quantum private comparison scheme is proposed, which employs Bell entangled states as quantum resources. Two semi-quantum participants compare the equivalence of their private information with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP). Compared with the previous classical protocols, these two semi-quantum users can only make some particular action, such as… More >

Mohammed Alshehri^1,*, Purushottam Sharma², Richa Sharma², Osama Alfarraj³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.3, pp. 2525-2538, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.012469

Abstract Sensors and physical activity evaluation are quite limited for motion-based commercial devices. Sometimes the accelerometer of the smartwatch is utilized; walking is investigated. The combination can perform better in terms of sensors and that can be determined by sensors on both the smartwatch and phones, i.e., accelerometer and gyroscope. For biometric efficiency, some of the diverse activities of daily routine have been evaluated, also with biometric authentication. The result shows that using the different computing techniques in phones and watch for biometric can provide a suitable output based on the mentioned activities. This indicates that the high feasibility and results… More >

Chunping Lu^1,#, Liye Zou^2,#, Benjamin Becker³, Mark D. Griffiths⁴, Qian Yu², Si-Tong Chen⁵, Zsolt Demetrovics⁶, Can Jiao⁷, Xinli Chi⁷, Aiguo Chen⁸, Albert Yeung⁹, Shijie Liu¹⁰, Yanjie Zhang^2,11,*

International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, Vol.22, No.4, pp. 271-282, 2020, DOI:10.32604/IJMHP.2020.014419

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of mind-body exercise (ME) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on addiction level and psychological well-being among college students with problematic smartphone use (PSU). Methods: A 12-week randomized controlled study was carried out at a university in central China. A total of 95 PSU college students who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to a ME group (ME, n = 31), CBT group (CBT, n = 30), or control group (CG, n = 34). Both ME intervention and CBT, twice per week for 90 min per session, lasting… More >