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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Preparation of Environmentally Friendly Urea-Hexanediamine-Glyoxal (HUG) Resin Wood Adhesive

    Qianyu Zhang1,2,#, Shi Chen1,2,#, Long Cao1,2, Hong Lei3, Antonio Pizzi4, Xuedong Xi1,2,*, Guanben Du1,2

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.2, pp. 235-244, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.029537

    Abstract Using non-toxic, low-volatile glyoxal to completely replace formaldehyde for preparing urea-glyoxal (UG) resin adhesive is a hot research topic that could be of great interest for the wood industry. However, urea-glyoxal (UG) resins prepared by just using glyoxal instead of formaldehyde usually yields a lower degree of polymerization. This results in a poorer bonding performance and water resistance of UG resins. A good solution is to pre-react urea to preform polyurea molecules presenting already a certain degree of polymerization, and then to condense these with glyoxal to obtain a novel UG resin. Therefore, in this present work, the urea was… More > Graphic Abstract

    Preparation of Environmentally Friendly Urea-Hexanediamine-Glyoxal (HUG) Resin Wood Adhesive

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Underwater Target Detection Algorithm Based on Attention Mechanism and Improved YOLOv7

    Liqiu Ren, Zhanying Li*, Xueyu He, Lingyan Kong, Yinghao Zhang

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.2, pp. 2829-2845, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.047028

    Abstract For underwater robots in the process of performing target detection tasks, the color distortion and the uneven quality of underwater images lead to great difficulties in the feature extraction process of the model, which is prone to issues like error detection, omission detection, and poor accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposed the CER-YOLOv7(CBAM-EIOU-RepVGG-YOLOv7) underwater target detection algorithm. To improve the algorithm’s capability to retain valid features from both spatial and channel perspectives during the feature extraction phase, we have added a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to the backbone network. The Reparameterization Visual Geometry Group (RepVGG) module is inserted into the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Improving Video Watermarking through Galois Field GF(24) Multiplication Tables with Diverse Irreducible Polynomials and Adaptive Techniques

    Yasmin Alaa Hassan1,*, Abdul Monem S. Rahma2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.1, pp. 1423-1442, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.046149

    Abstract Video watermarking plays a crucial role in protecting intellectual property rights and ensuring content authenticity. This study delves into the integration of Galois Field (GF) multiplication tables, especially GF(24), and their interaction with distinct irreducible polynomials. The primary aim is to enhance watermarking techniques for achieving imperceptibility, robustness, and efficient execution time. The research employs scene selection and adaptive thresholding techniques to streamline the watermarking process. Scene selection is used strategically to embed watermarks in the most vital frames of the video, while adaptive thresholding methods ensure that the watermarking process adheres to imperceptibility criteria, maintaining the video’s visual quality.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Large-Scale 3D Thermal Transfer Analysis with 1D Model of Piped Cooling Water

    Shigeki Kaneko1, Naoto Mitsume2, Shinobu Yoshimura1,*

    Digital Engineering and Digital Twin, Vol.2, pp. 33-48, 2024, DOI:10.32604/dedt.2023.044279

    Abstract In an integrated coal gasification combined cycle plant, cooling pipes are installed in the gasifier reactor and water cooling is executed to avoid reaching an excessively high temperature. To accelerate the design, it is necessary to develop an analysis system that can simulate the cooling operation within the practical computational time. In the present study, we assumed the temperature fields of the cooled object and the cooling water to be governed by the three-dimensional (3D) heat equation and the one-dimensional (1D) convection-diffusion equation, respectively. Although some existing studies have employed similar modeling, the applications have been limited to simple-shaped structures.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Einstein Hybrid Structure of q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Soft Set and Its Application for Diagnosis of Waterborne Infectious Disease

    Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain1, Hafiz Khalil ur Rehman2, Imran Siddique3, Hijaz Ahmad4,5, Sameh Askar6, Shahid Hussain Gurmani1,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.2, pp. 1863-1892, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.031480

    Abstract This research is devoted to diagnosing water-borne infectious diseases caused by floods employing a novel diagnosis approach, the Einstein hybrid structure of q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set. This approach integrates parts of fuzzy logic and soft set theory to develop a robust alternative for disease detection in stressful situations, especially in areas affected by floods. Compared to the traditional intuitionistic fuzzy soft set and Pythagorean fuzzy soft set, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set (q-ROFSS) adequately incorporates unclear and indeterminate facts. The major objective of this investigation is to formulate the q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft Einstein hybrid weighted average (q-ROFSEHWA)… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Wave Reflection by Rectangular Breakwaters for Coastal Protection

    Hasna Akarni*, Hamza Mabchour, Laila El Aarabi, Soumia Mordane

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.20, No.3, pp. 579-593, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.043080

    Abstract In this study, we focus on the numerical modelling of the interaction between waves and submerged structures in the presence of a uniform flow current. Both the same and opposite senses of wave propagation are considered. The main objective is an understanding of the effect of the current and various geometrical parameters on the reflection coefficient. The wave used in the study is based on potential theory, and the submerged structures consist of two rectangular breakwaters positioned at a fixed distance from each other and attached to the bottom of a wave flume. The numerical modeling approach employed in this… More >

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    A Four-Site Water Model for Liquid and Supercooled Water Based on Machine Learning: TIP4P-BGWT

    Jian Wang1,*, Yonggang Zheng1, Hongwu Zhang1, Hongfei Ye1

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.27, No.3, pp. 1-1, 2023, DOI:10.32604/icces.2023.09761

    Abstract Water is the most ubiquitous fluid in nature and widely exists in the micro/nanoconfinement of leafstalks, shale, bones, etc. The complex relation of the properties and behaviours of water to the temperature, pressure and confinement size enhances the difficulty in the accurate simulation, such as the supercooled state of pure water below the freezing point. As a powerful tool, molecular dynamics simulation is adequate for investigating the relevant properties and behaviours. However, accurately calculating the physical properties of liquid and supercooled water is quite challenging by molecular simulations owing to limited model parameters. Machine learning (ML) techniques and temperature-dependent parameters… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Physiological Dynamics and Transcriptomic Analysis of Cut Roses ‘Carola’ Treated with KNO

    Songmei Liu, Yuheng Wu, Hongmei Li, Dongli Cai, Huiling Liang, Changchun Ye, Shenggen He*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.12, pp. 3267-3290, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.045453

    Abstract

    The consumption of cut roses (Rosa hybrida) has always ranked first in the world. However, it is vulnerable to rapid petal and leaf wilting due to leaf stomatal water loss, which seriously affects its ornamental quality and economic value. Stomatal movement, a key in plant physiological processes, is influenced by potassium and nitrate. Advancing comprehension of its physiological and molecular mechanism holds promise for preserving the freshness of cut roses. This study observed the impacts of different concentrations of KNO3 vase treatments on stomatal opening and water loss in cut rose ‘Carola’ leaves, as well as their transcriptional responses to… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Evaluating the Effects of Aquaculture Wastewater Irrigation with Fertilizer Reduction on Greenhouse Tomato Production, Economic Benefits and Soil Nitrogen Characteristics

    Hang Guo1,2,3, Linxian Liao1,2,3, Zhenhao Zheng4, Junzeng Xu1,2,3,*, Qi Wei1,2,3, Peng Chen1,2,3, Kechun Wang1,2,3

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.12, pp. 3291-3304, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.044051

    Abstract

    The utilization of aquaculture wastewater as irrigation is an effective way to recycle and reuse water and nitrogen fertilizer resources because it contains numerous nutrients. However, it is still unclear that the pattern of substituting aquaculture wastewater irrigation for fertilizer supplementing is conducive to improving the soil nitrogen status, fruit yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency for tomato production. In this context, the experiment was intended to establish the appropriate irrigation regime of aquaculture wastewater in tomato production for freshwater replacement and fertilizer reduction to ensure good yields. Pot experiments were conducted with treatments as farmers accustomed to irrigation and fertilization… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Different Deficit Irrigation Lower Limits and Irrigation Quotas Affect the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat by Regulating Photosynthetic Characteristics

    Huiqin Li, Mingzhi Zhang*, Na Xiao, Haijian Yang

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.92, No.12, pp. 3211-3236, 2023, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2023.031003

    Abstract To determine suitable thresholds for deficit irrigation of winter wheat in the well-irrigated area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, we investigated the effects of different deficit irrigation lower limits and quotas on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat. Four irrigation lower limits were set for initiating irrigation (i.e., light drought (LD, 50%, 55%, 60% and 50% of field holding capacity (FC) at the seedling-regreening, jointing, heading and filling-ripening stages, respectively), medium drought (MD, 40%, 50%, 55% and 45% of FC at the same stages, respectively), adequate moisture (CK1, 60%, 65%, 70% and 60% of FC at the same… More >

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