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  • Open Access

    VIEWPOINT

    Real-Time analysis of exosome secretion of single cells with single molecule imaging

    PENGFEI ZHANG1, SHAOPENG WANG1,2,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.45, No.6, pp. 1449-1451, 2021, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.017607 - 01 September 2021

    Abstract The exosome-mediated response can promote or restrain the diseases by regulating the intracellular pathways, making the exosome become an effective marker for diagnosis and therapeutic control at the single-cell level. However, real-time analysis is hard to be achieved with traditional approaches because the exosomes usually need to be enriched by ultracentrifugation for a measurable signal-to-noise ratio. Recently developed label-free single-molecule imaging approaches may become an real-time quantitative tool for the analysis of single exosomes and related secretion behaviors of single living cells owing to their extreme sensitivity. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Silencing of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) inhibits the proliferative and invasive potential through interaction with Exostosin-1 (EXT-1) in primary and metastatic colon cancer cells

    SUSHMITHA SRIRAMULU1, SARUBALA MALAYAPERUMAL1, SUMAN K. NANDY2, ANTARA BANERJEE1, MUSTHAFA MOHAMED ESSA3,4, SARAVANABABU CHIDAMBARAM5, M. WALID QORONFLEH6,7, SURAJIT PATHAK1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.45, No.3, pp. 563-576, 2021, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.014756 - 03 March 2021

    Abstract Colon cancer is the third major cause of cancer deaths, accounting for about 8% in terms of mortality globally. The present study aims to explore the effect of silencing Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1), a metastasis mediating factor, and how it interacts with Exostosin-1 (EXT-1) protein to inhibit the proliferative and invasive potential in colon cancer cells. Forward siRNA transfection was performed using AEG-1 siRNA in SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cell lines, and the expression levels of mRNA and protein were analyzed by Real-time PCR and Immunofluorescence. A simple bioinformatics approach was carried out to… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome as a nano weapon to target the COVID-19 pandemic

    YASHVI SHARMA, SUCHI GUPTA, SUJATA MOHANTY*

    BIOCELL, Vol.45, No.3, pp. 517-520, 2021, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.014621 - 03 March 2021

    Abstract In these times of despair when a nano-sized organism, the SARS-CoV-2, has rendered the human race helpless, made the global health status decline, and drowned the world economy, a ray of hope comes from another nano-sized particle, the exosome. The potential of mesenchymal stem cells has already been established in COVID-19; however, cell-based therapy has its risks. We thereby propose cell-free therapy using stem cells-derived exosomes to fight against COVID-19, as they can be a game-changer owing to their immunomodulatory nature, which combats the cytokine storm characterizing this disease, and their practical efficiency, which will More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Exosomes derived from osteoclasts under compression stress inhibit osteoblast differentiation

    YUE WANG, YUNFEI ZHENG*, WEIRAN LI*

    BIOCELL, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 427-444, 2021, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.013960 - 19 February 2021

    Abstract Orthodontic tooth movement is triggered by orthodontic force loading on the periodontal ligament and is achieved by alveolar bone remodeling, which is regulated by intimate crosstalk between osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast differentiation. Whether the communication between osteoclasts and osteoblasts is influenced by orthodontic compression stress requires further clarification. In this study, osteoclasts were differentiated for 10 days. On day 4 of differentiation, the number of pre-osteoclasts peaked, as determined by the increased expression of RANK and the number of multinucleated cells. After 24 h of compression stress loading, on day 4, the number of osteoclasts increased,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Basing on microRNA-mRNA analysis identifies microRNA in exosomes associated with wound repair of diabetic ulcers

    PENG LIU1,2, ANFANG ZOU3, QI CHEN4, BIAO CHENG1,*, QIN LI1,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.45, No.1, pp. 27-39, 2021, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2021.012601 - 26 January 2021

    Abstract The diabetic ulcer is one of the serious complications of diabetes. In this study, we aimed to establish an exosomal microRNA (miRNA)-targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory network for screening new biomarkers for diabetic ulcer treatment. For this purpose, exosomes were extracted from bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) collected from diabetic ulcer patients and healthy adults. The miRNAs in exosomes was detected by high-throughput sequencing analysis. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the differential miRNAs were performed. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network between candidate miRNAs and their… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Exosomes derived from circBCRC-3-knockdown mesenchymal stem cells promoted macrophage polarization

    QI SONG1, JUN ZHANG1, QIANG ZHANG1, JING LIU1, KE LV1, JIALU YAO1,2,3,*, YAFENG ZHOU2,3,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.44, No.4, pp. 623-629, 2020, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2020.012645 - 24 December 2020

    Abstract Macrophages play an essential role in the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), and the macrophage shifting from M1 to M2 phenotypes might be a potential strategy for the treatment of MIRI. It has been reported that miR-182 plays an important role in MSC-Exo-associated macrophage polarization. As circBCRC-3 is a newly discovered circle RNA that worked as a sponge of miR-182, this research aimed to find if circBCRC-3 plays a role in MSC-Exo-associated macrophage polarization. Firstly, circBCRC-3 was identified by divergent primers in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Secondly, the exosome of MSCs was isolated and identified by More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Exosomal miR-1228 From Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion of Osteosarcoma by Directly Targeting SCAI

    Jian-Wei Wang, Xiao-Feng Wu, Xiao-Juan Gu, Xing-Hua Jiang

    Oncology Research, Vol.27, No.9, pp. 979-986, 2019, DOI:10.3727/096504018X15336368805108

    Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a predominant role in regulating tumor progression. Understanding how CAFs communicate with osteosarcoma is crucial for developing novel approaches for osteosarcoma therapy. Exosomes are able to transmit messages between cells. In this study, we demonstrated that CAFs transfer exosomes to osteosarcoma cells, which promotes osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. Using a miRNA microarray analysis, we identified 13 miRNAs that are significantly increased in exosomes derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and corresponding paracancer fibroblasts (PAFs). In vitro studies further validated that the levels of microRNA-1228 (miR-1228) were increased in CAFs, its secreted More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Exosomes Derived From Hypoxic Colorectal Cancer Cells Promote Angiogenesis Through Wnt4-Induced β-Catenin Signaling in Endothelial Cells

    Zhe Huang, Yong Feng

    Oncology Research, Vol.25, No.5, pp. 651-661, 2017, DOI:10.3727/096504016X14752792816791

    Abstract Cancer cell-derived exosomes have been actively released into the tumor microenvironment with pleiotropic roles in tumor growth and metastasis, including angiogenesis and immune modulation. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of exosomes shed by colorectal cancer (CRC) cells under hypoxic conditions remain unknown. Here we found that exosomes derived from hypoxic CRC cells promoted the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Suppression of exosome secretion through RAB27a knockdown in CRC cells inhibited exosomal-induced proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Furthermore, we discovered that these exosomes enriched with Wnt4 were dependent on HIF1α. Exosomal Wnt4 increased More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Review : Reticulocyte maturation: mitoptosis and exosome release

    CHARLES GÉMINARD, AUDE DE GASSART, MICHEL VIDAL

    BIOCELL, Vol.26, No.2, pp. 205-215, 2002, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2002.26.205

    Abstract During the differentiation of erythroid cells, a vast program of maturation takes place, leading to decay or elimination of organelles, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. During the last step of red cell maturation, remaining organelles, primarily mitochondria and ribosomes but also vestiges of others are finally cleared from the cell. This cleaning session also affects specific proteins that are partially or entirely removed from the cell surface. The interplay of the various events and their causal relationships are approached here. More >

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