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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Two-Stage Scheduling Model for Flexible Resources in Active Distribution Networks Based on Probabilistic Risk Perception

    Yukai Li1,*, Ruixue Zhang1, Yongfeng Ni1, Hongkai Qiu1, Yuning Zhang2, Chunming Liu2

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 681-707, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.058981 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract Aiming at the problems of increasing uncertainty of low-carbon generation energy in active distribution network (ADN) and the difficulty of security assessment of distribution network, this paper proposes a two-phase scheduling model for flexible resources in ADN based on probabilistic risk perception. First, a full-cycle probabilistic trend sequence is constructed based on the source-load historical data, and in the day-ahead scheduling phase, the response interval of the flexibility resources on the load and storage side is optimized based on the probabilistic trend, with the probability of the security boundary as the security constraint, and with… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Novel Low-Carbon Optimal Operation Method for Flexible Distribution Network Based on Carbon Emission Flow

    Chao Gao1, Kai Niu2,*, Wenjing Chen3, Changwei Wang1, Yabin Chen1, Rui Qu2

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 785-803, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.058705 - 31 January 2025

    Abstract With the widespread implementation of distributed generation (DG) and the integration of soft open point (SOP) into the distribution network (DN), the latter is steadily transitioning into a flexible distribution network (FDN), the calculation of carbon flow distribution in FDN is more difficult. To this end, this study constructs a model for low-carbon optimal operations within the FDN on the basis of enhanced carbon emission flow (CEF). First, the carbon emission characteristics of FDNs are scrutinized and an improved method for calculating carbon flow within these networks is proposed. Subsequently, a model for optimizing low-carbon… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Imbibition Front and Phase Distribution in Shale Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method

    Li Lu1,2,3, Yadong Huang2,4, Kuo Liu2, Xuhui Zhang3,5, Xiaobing Lu3,5,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.2, pp. 2173-2190, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.059045 - 27 January 2025

    Abstract To study the development of imbibition such as the imbibition front and phase distribution in shale, the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is used to study the imbibition processes in the pore-throat network of shale. Through dimensional analysis, four dimensionless parameters affecting the imbibition process were determined. A color gradient model of LBM was used in computation based on a real core pore size distribution. The numerical results show that the four factors have great effects on imbibition. The impact of each factor is not monotonous. The imbibition process is the comprehensive effect of all aspects. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Numerical Simulation of Flow and Temperature Distribution in a Bottom-Blown Copper Bath

    Teng Xia1,2, Xiaohui Zhang1,2,*, Ding Ma1,2, Zhi Yang1,2, Xinting Tong3, Yutang Zhao4, Hua Wang1,2

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.1, pp. 121-140, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.058683 - 24 January 2025

    Abstract Smelting with oxygen bottom blowing is one of the main methods used in the frame of copper pyrometallurgy. With this approach, feed materials and oxygen-enriched air are introduced in reversed order to enhance multiphase flow within the furnace. Understanding the flow structure and temperature distribution in this setup is crucial for optimizing production. In this study, gas-liquid interactions, and temperature profiles under varying air-injection conditions are examined by means of numerical simulation for a 3.2 m × 20 m furnace. The results indicate that the high-velocity regions are essentially distributed near the lance within the… More > Graphic Abstract

    Numerical Simulation of Flow and Temperature Distribution in a Bottom-Blown Copper Bath

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Multi-Stage Voltage Control Optimization Strategy for Distribution Networks Considering Active-Reactive Co-Regulation of Electric Vehicles

    Shukang Lyu*, Fei Zeng, Huachun Han, Huiyu Miao, Yi Pan, Xiaodong Yuan

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 221-242, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.056380 - 27 December 2024

    Abstract The high proportion of uncertain distributed power sources and the access to large-scale random electric vehicle (EV) charging resources further aggravate the voltage fluctuation of the distribution network, and the existing research has not deeply explored the EV active-reactive synergistic regulating characteristics, and failed to realize the multi-timescale synergistic control with other regulating means, For this reason, this paper proposes a multilevel linkage coordinated optimization strategy to reduce the voltage deviation of the distribution network. Firstly, a capacitor bank reactive power compensation voltage control model and a distributed photovoltaic (PV) active-reactive power regulation model are… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Coordinated Control Strategy of New Energy Power Generation System with Hybrid Energy Storage Unit

    Yun Zhang1,*, Zifen Han2, Biao Tian1, Ning Chen2, Yi Fan3

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 167-184, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.056190 - 27 December 2024

    Abstract The new energy power generation is becoming increasingly important in the power system. Such as photovoltaic power generation has become a research hotspot, however, due to the characteristics of light radiation changes, photovoltaic power generation is unstable and random, resulting in a low utilization rate and directly affecting the stability of the power grid. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a coordinated control strategy for a new energy power generation system with a hybrid energy storage unit based on the lithium iron phosphate-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage unit. Firstly, the variational mode decomposition algorithm is… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Dispatchable Capability of Aggregated Electric Vehicle Charging in Distribution Systems

    Shiqian Wang1, Bo Liu1, Yuanpeng Hua1, Qiuyan Li1, Binhua Tang2,*, Jianshu Zhou2, Yue Xiang2

    Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.1, pp. 129-152, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2024.054867 - 27 December 2024

    Abstract This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle (EV) charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities. The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level, estimating its physical dispatchable capability, determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives, modeling its participation in the grid, and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability. The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7% compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3% compared to disorderly More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Moment Redistribution Effect of the Continuous Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Concrete Composite Slabs Based on Static Loading Experiment

    Zhao-Jun Zhang1, Wen-Wei Wang1,2,*, Jing-Shui Zhen1, Bo-Cheng Li1, De-Cheng Cai1, Yang-Yang Du1, Hui Huang2

    Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 105-123, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.052506 - 15 November 2024

    Abstract This study aimed to investigate the moment redistribution in continuous glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)-concrete composite slabs caused by concrete cracking and steel bar yielding in the negative bending moment zone. An experimental bending moment redistribution test was conducted on continuous GFRP-concrete composite slabs, and a calculation method based on the conjugate beam method was proposed. The composite slabs were formed by combining GFRP profiles with a concrete layer and supported on steel beams to create two-span continuous composite slab specimens. Two methods, epoxy resin bonding, and stud connection, were used to connect the composite… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Shading on Nodule Growth at Seedling Stage in Relay Strip Intercropping System

    Xiaobo Yu1,2,3, Jiangang An1,3, Mingrong Zhang1,3, Haiying Wu1,3, Taiwen Yong2, Wenyu Yang2,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3387-3399, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.058494 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract Relay strip intercropping (RSI) increases soybean nodule number and nitrogen fixation activity at the reproductive stage more than monocropping (M), but the effect of changes in the environment, especially light, on nodules during the coexistence duration and vegetative stage, is unclear. To determine the impact of shading on nodule development at the seedling stage, nodule traits, distribution, and physiological function were compared between M and RSI in a potting experiment in a field environment. Compared with M, nodule number and weight decreased significantly (an average of 81.77% and 93.16%, respectively); thus, the exponential relationship… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Enhancing Thermal Performance of Building Envelopes Using Hemp Wool and Wood Wool with Phase Change Materials

    Salma Kouzzi1,*, Mouniba Redah1, Souad Morsli2, Mohammed El Ganaoui3, Mohammed Lhassane Lahlaouti1

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.20, No.12, pp. 2741-2755, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.055890 - 23 December 2024

    Abstract This study investigates the potential for enhancing the thermal performance of external walls insulation in warmer climates through the combination of phase change materials (PCMs) and bio-based materials, specifically hemp wool and wood wool. Experimental tests using the heat flow method (HFM), and numerical simulations with ANSYS Fluent software were conducted to assess the dynamic thermal distribution and fluid-mechanical aspects of phase change materials (PCMs) within composite walls. The results demonstrate a notable reduction in peak indoor temperatures, achieving a 58% reduction with hemp wool with a close 40% reduction with wood wool when combined More >

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