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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Application of Wavelength Selection Combined with DS Algorithm for Model Transfer between NIR Instruments

    Honghong Wang1, Zhixin Xiong1,*, Yunchao Hu1, Zhijian Liu1, Long Liang2

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.6, pp. 2713-2727, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025817

    Abstract This study aims to realize the sharing of near-infrared analysis models of lignin and holocellulose content in pulp wood on two different batches of spectrometers and proposes a combined algorithm of SPA-DS, MCUVE-DS and SiPLS-DS. The Successive Projection Algorithm (SPA), the Monte-Carlo of Uninformative Variable Elimination (MCUVE) and the Synergy Interval Partial Least Squares (SiPLS) algorithms are respectively used to reduce the adverse effects of redundant information in the transmission process of the full spectrum DS algorithm model. These three algorithms can improve model transfer accuracy and efficiency and reduce the manpower and material consumption required for modeling. These results… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Co-Production of High-Grade Dissolving Pulp, Furfural, and Lignin from Eucalyptus via Extremely Low Acid Pretreatment and Pulping Technologies and Catalysis

    Chengxiang Li, Yue Wu, Chunhui Zhang*, Yao Liu, Qixuan Lin, Junli Ren*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.6, pp. 2555-2574, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026908

    Abstract Hemicellulose and lignin are not reasonably utilized during the dissolved pulp preparation process. This work aimed to propose a process for the co-production of dissolving pulp, furfural, and lignin from eucalyptus. High-grade dissolving pulp was prepared from eucalyptus using a combination of extremely low acid (ELA) pretreatment, Kraft cooking, and elementary chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching. The obtained pre-hydrolysate was catalytic conversion into furfural in a biphasic system, and lignin during Kraft cooking and ECF was recovered. The process condition was discussed as well as the mass flow direction. The results showed that ELA pretreatment could effectively remove 80.1% hemicellulose. Compared with… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Characterization of Formacell Lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites

    Sri Hidayati1,*, Eugenia Fonny Budiyanto1, Hadi Saputra1, Sutopo Hadi1, Apri Heri Iswanto2,3, Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat4, Petar Antov5, Lee Seng Hua6,7, Widya Fatriasari4,8, Mohd. Sapuan Salit9

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.6, pp. 2865-2879, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.027579

    Abstract Black liquor is obtained as a by-product of the pulping process, which is used to convert biomass into pulp by removing lignin, hemicelluloses and other extractives from wood to free cellulose fibers. Lignin represents a major constituent in black liquor, with quantities varying from 20% to 30%, of which a very low share is used for manufacturing value-added products, while the rest is mainly burned for energy purposes, thus underestimating its great potential as a raw material. Therefore, it is essential to establish new isolation and extraction methods to increase lignin valorization in the development of bio-based chemicals. The aim… More > Graphic Abstract

    Characterization of Formacell Lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Amine Type on Lignin Modification to Evaluate Its Reactivity in Polyol Construction for Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes (NIPU)

    Saeed Kazemi Najafi1, Farhood Najafi2, Antonio Pizzi3,*, Fatemeh Hassani Khorshidi1,*, Rabi Behrooz1

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2171-2189, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.027835

    Abstract Polyols are groups of organic compounds which contain carbon and are randomly linked to other atoms, especially carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen. These compounds are mainly used as reactants to make other polymers. Among biopolymers, lignin is regarded as the base of a new polymer in polyol construction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of amine type (diethylenetriamine and ethylenediamine) on the modification of lignin-based polyols, so as to provide an alternative to petroleum polyols and, in turn, increase functional groups and reduce their harm to humans’ health and the environment. To this aim, first, lignin was extracted from raw… More > Graphic Abstract

    Effect of Amine Type on Lignin Modification to Evaluate Its Reactivity in Polyol Construction for Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes (NIPU)

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Nanolignin, a Coupling Bio-Agent for Wood-Plastic Composites

    Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili1,*, Antonio Pizzi2,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2075-2083, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026706

    Abstract The influence of nanolignin coupling bio-agent on some characteristics of polypropylene-wood flour composites was studied. Thus, nanolignin was prepared by the acidic method, and then different ratios of it (0, 1, 3 and 5 wt%) were added to a polypropylene-wood flour mixture. After mechanically mixing wood flour, nanolignin, and polypropylene, the mixture was injection molded. ASTM methods were used to measure the structural properties of nanolignin, and prepared composites’ water absorption, thickness swelling, bending modulus, and bending, tensile and impact strengths. Transforming the original lignin to nanolignin did not change the chemical bonds of the material. The addition of nanolignin… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Degradation of Alkaline Lignin in the Lactic Acid-Choline Chloride System under Mild Conditions

    Penghui Li1,2, Zhengwei Jiang2, Chi Yang2, Jianpeng Ren1,2, Bo Jiang1,2, Wenjuan Wu1,2,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2233-2248, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025279

    Abstract Lignin is a natural polymer, second only to cellulose in natural reserves. Degradation is one of the ways to achieve the high-value transformation of lignin. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) thermal degradation of lignin can be used as an excellent green degradation method. This paper introduces the degradation mechanism and effect of the lactic acid-choline chloride DES system in dissolving and degrading alkaline lignin, and the final solvent recovery. It can also be found from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images that the surface of the degraded solid product is transformed from smooth to disordered. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and… More > Graphic Abstract

    Degradation of Alkaline Lignin in the Lactic Acid-Choline Chloride System under Mild Conditions

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Fabricating Cationic Lignin Hydrogels for Dye Adsorption

    Chao Wang, Xuezhen Feng, Wanbing Li, Shibin Shang*, Haibo Zhang*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1793-1805, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.024521

    Abstract Due to the low content of adsorption-active groups in lignin, its application in the field of adsorption is limited. Herein, we first prepared cationic kraft lignin acrylate, from which a cationic lignin (CKLA) hydrogel was further prepared by cationic kraft lignin acrylate, acrylamide, and N, N’-methylenebisacrylamide. The morphology, compression properties and swelling properties of CKLA hydrogels were investigated. The prepared CKLA hydrogel was applied as an adsorbent for Congo red. The effect of CKLA hydrogel dosages, initial concentration of Congo red, and pH on adsorption efficiency was investigated. The maximum Congo red removal efficiency was obtained at the initial concentration… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Investigation of the Interaction Mechanism between Lignin Structural Units and Enzyme

    Lijing Huang, Penghui Li, Kangjie Jiang, Wenjuan Wu*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1613-1626, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023605

    Abstract The effect of lignin structural units on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass was investigated, especially the inhibitory role of lignin in non-productive adsorption with enzymes. Milled wood lignin (MWL) was isolated from different hardwoods of poplar, eucalyptus and acacia. The isolated lignin samples were characterized by elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, nitrobenzene oxidation and fourier infrared spectroscopy. The mechanism of lignin structural units on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was studied by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The results showed that different structural units of lignin had different adsorption capacity for enzymes. The results of nitrobenzene oxidation indicated that the S/G ratio… More > Graphic Abstract

    Investigation of the Interaction Mechanism between Lignin Structural Units and Enzyme

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Preparation of Film Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified by Alkaline Starch and Lignin Fiber

    Yunxia Zhou1, Hisham Essawy2, Ai Liu1, Chenyu Yang1, Defa Hou1, Xiaojian Zhou1,*, Guanben Du1, Jun Zhang1,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 837-852, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.022792

    Abstract This study presents an easily prepared film based on alkaline starch-polyvinyl alcohol hybrid and lignin fiber as an additive (SPL film). The SPL film was prepared under acidic conditions through a polycondensation reaction of PVA and a mixture incorporating alkaline starch and lignin fiber from agriculture or forest source. The examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of SPL film was smooth and the lignin fiber had good compatibility within the film hybrid. Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) investigations indicated that alkaline starch and lignin fiber reacted with PVA under acidic conditions… More > Graphic Abstract

    Preparation of Film Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified by Alkaline Starch and Lignin Fiber

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Quantitative Extraction of p-Coumaric Acid and Ferulic Acid in Different Gramineous Materials and Structural Changes of Residual Alkali Lignin

    Tanhao Zhang, Shuo Zhang, Wu Lan*, Fengxia Yue*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.2, pp. 555-566, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025701

    Abstract Ferulic acid (FA) and p-coumaric acid (pCA) in bagasse, wheat straw, corn straw, and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the FA and most of the pCA in gramineous biomass could be dissociated and released after being treated with 1 M NaOH at 100°C for 4 h. The yields of pCA/FA in bagasse, wheat straw, corn straw, and corncob determined by GC-FID are 39.8/11.5, 13.7/11.0, 28.0/11.0, and 35.1/14.5 mg/g, respectively. The raw materials and the treated solid residues were characterized by gel-state 2D Heteronuclear Single… More > Graphic Abstract

    Quantitative Extraction of <i>p</i>-Coumaric Acid and Ferulic Acid in Different Gramineous Materials and Structural Changes of Residual Alkali Lignin

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