Pu Liu, Guangwei Bai^*, Wei Li, Chuanhua Ge

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.6, pp. 1847-1864, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.070378 - 31 December 2025

Abstract To address the issue of uneven temperature distribution in shale gas oil-based drill cuttings pyrolysis furnaces, a numerical model was developed using Fluent software. The effects of nitrogen flow rate, heating tube spacing, and furnace dimensions on the internal temperature field were thoroughly analyzed from a mechanistic perspective. The results indicated that non-uniform radiation from the heating tubes and flow disturbances induced by the nitrogen stream were the primary causes of localized heat concentration. Under no-load conditions, the maximum deviation between simulated and on-site measured temperatures was 1.5%, validating the model’s accuracy. Furthermore, this study More >

Hauwau Kaoje^1,2, Adekunle Adeleke^2,3,*, Esther Anosike-Francis^2,3, Seun Jesuloluwa^2,3, Temitayo Ogedengbe^2,3, Hauwa Rasheed², Jude Okolie⁴

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.12, pp. 2375-2430, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0109 - 23 December 2025

Abstract The increasing need for sustainable energy and the environmental impacts of reliance on fossil fuels have sparked greater interest in biomass as a renewable energy source. This review provides an in-depth assessment of bio-oil and biochar generation through the pyrolysis of sawdust, a significant variety of lignocellulosic biomass. The paper investigates different thermochemical conversion methods, including fast, slow, catalytic, flash, and co-pyrolysis, while emphasizing their operational parameters, reactor designs, and effects on product yields. The influence of temperature, heating rate, and catalysts on enhancing the quality and quantity of bio-oil and biochar is thoroughly analyzed. More > Graphic Abstract

S. I. Aziz, G. G. Ali^*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.3, pp. 239-253, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.223.239

Abstract This work investigates the photodetector characteristics of lead and cadmium sulfide thin films deposited on porous silicon heterojunction at composites (x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1). The characteristics of all deposited samples were estimated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), highresolution scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), I-V measurements, and photodetector properties. PbS and CdS thin films have been successful, and photodetector properties on the porous silicon surface have performed well using the chemical spray method. An X-ray confirmed that the prepared samples have a crystalline phase structure. Besides, the results indicate that the PbS and CdS thin films have cubic… More >

S. Çelik^a,*, M. Temiz^b

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.1, pp. 89-96, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.221.89

Abstract In this study, PbZnS thin films with varying concentrations of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were successfully produced using the spray pyrolysis method. The structural, optical and surface properties of the films were systematically investigated as a function of the Pb/Zn ratio. Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the films, showing a cubic zinc blende structure with improved crystallinity as Pb content increased. Initially, with the increase in Pb concentration, larger crystallite sizes and decreased microstress were observed, but with the increase of Pb addition, the formation of secondary phases and the… More >

Hammadi El Farissi^1,2,*, Anass Choukoud^1,2, Bouchaib Manoun^3,4, Mohamed El Massaoudi^5,6, Abdelmonaem Talhaoui²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.6, pp. 1251-1266, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0004 - 23 June 2025

Abstract In light of the growing urgency to address environmental degradation and improve carbon sequestration strategies, this study rigorously investigates the potential of Cistus ladaniferus as a viable feedstock for biochar and activated carbon production. The influence of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and particle size on biochar yield was systematically examined. The results demonstrate that increasing pyrolysis temperature and heating rate significantly reduces biochar yield, while particle size plays a crucial role in thermal degradation and biochar retention. To evaluate the structural and chemical properties of the materials, various characterization techniques were employed, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy… More > Graphic Abstract

Pamela Lippi, Giovan Battista Mattii, Eleonora Cataldo^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.1, pp. 33-64, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.059997 - 24 January 2025

Abstract Biochar has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing vineyard sustainability by improving soil properties and mitigating climate change impacts. This review highlights key findings on biochar’s role in viticulture, focusing on its effects on soil fertility, water retention, and plant physiology. Field and pot studies demonstrate that biochar amendments enhance soil structure, increase cation exchange capacity (CEC), and promote water availability, leading to improved drought resistance in grapevines. However, the impacts on grape yield, physiology, and quality remain inconclusive, with some studies reporting benefits while others show neutral effects. Future research should focus on More >

A. N. Abouelkhir^a,*, E. R. Shaaban^b,c, M. Tag El-Dine^a, K. I. Hussain^d, I. S. Yahia^e

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.2, pp. 161-168, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.212.161

Abstract Cadmium sulfide was prepared by first turning it into a powder, which was then used to evaporate heat to create thin films. Additionally, the spray pyrolysis method was used to produce films of cadmium sulfide. A structural comparison using the crystallize size and lattice parameters. Furthermore for the prepared samples, an analysis of their optical characteristics was conducted through measurements of absorbance, transmission, and reflection, resulting in the determination of the energy gap. More >

A. A. Mansour^a, H. A. Salman^b, S. A. Abdul Wahab^c, N. F. Habubi^c, S. S. Chiad^d,*, Z. S. A. Mosa^c, Y. H. Kadhim^d

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.3, pp. 275-284, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.213.275

Abstract To grow SnS films, the spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) process is applied. The films were deposited at various substrate temperatures (S_T) of 400, 450, and 500 degrees Celsius for two hours. Through XRD analysis, the impact of ST on the structure was investigated. Peak (113) crystallite sizes were 13.16, 21.48, and 38.87 nm, respectively, at base temperatures of (400, 450, and 500) ℃. The effect of ST on the structure was examined using XRD analysis. A predominat Peak at (113) plane. The crystallite sizes at base temperatures of (400, 450, and 500) ℃ were 13.16, 21.48, More >

W. H. Albanda^a, M. H. Saeed^a, M. Z. Abdullah^b, M. H. Al-Timimi^c,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 439-447, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.215.439

Abstract In this study, CdS: MgO films were synthesized using the chemical spray pyrolysis method, varying the film thickness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the films, with an observed increase in average crystallite size corresponding to thicker films, and The films' surface morphology indicates an absence of crystal defects such as holes and voids . The investigation of energy gap and optical parameters revealed a dependency on film thickness, with the energy gap shifting from 2.412 eV for a thickness of 150 nm to 2.354 eV for a thickness of 750 nm. More >

M. Sudha^a,*, A. B. Madhan^b, M. Revathi^c, N. Thangaraj^d

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.21, No.9, pp. 757-764, 2024, DOI:10.15251/CL.2024.219.757

Abstract An inexpensive spray pyrolysis process has been used to create thin layer of tin disulphide. The concentration, flow rate, and nozzle to substrate distance were tuned as deposition parameters to produce high-quality thin films. Temperature is varied in the range 200˚C to 350˚C. Through physical research, properties such as the structural, electrical and optical were examined. The films generated are SnS2 with a hexagonal structure, as revealed by X-ray diffraction. EDAX analysis confirms SnS2 thin films. Scanning electron microscopy indicated uniform stacking and material adherence to the glass substrate. A 2.22 eV straight band gap More >