Qiji Dai¹, Jikai Li^2,*, Bohui Ning¹, Yutao Xu¹, Chang Liu², Xuan Zhang¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.10, pp. 4061-4080, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067304 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Aiming at the challenge of complex load balancing coordination for a three-phase four-leg (3P4L) based multi-ended low voltage flexible DC distribution system (M-LVDC) considering unbalanced power compensation, this paper proposes a phase-split power decoupling unbalanced compensation strategy based load balancing strategy for 3P4L based M-LVDC. Firstly, the topology and operation principle of the 3P4L-based M-LVDC system is introduced, and quasi-proportional resonant (QPR) based phase-split power current control for the 3P4L converter is proposed. Secondly, a load-balancing control strategy considering unbalanced compensation for 3P4L-based M-LVDC is presented, in which the control diagrams for each 3P4L-based converter… More >

Zhiyuan Zhang¹, Meng Shuai², Bin Wang¹, Ying He³, Fan Yang¹, Liyan Ren^4,*, Yuyuan Zhang⁴, Ziren Wang⁴

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.10, pp. 4169-4194, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.066793 - 30 September 2025

Abstract With the rapid development of renewable energy, the Microgrid Coalition (MGC) has become an important approach to improving energy utilization efficiency and economic performance. To address the operational optimization problem in multi-microgrid cooperation, a cooperative game strategy based on the Nash bargaining model is proposed, aiming to enable collaboration among microgrids to maximize overall benefits while considering energy trading and cost optimization. First, each microgrid is regarded as a game participant, and a multi-microgrid cooperative game model based on Nash bargaining theory is constructed, targeting the minimization of total operational cost under constraints such as More >

Sagvan Y. Musa^1,2, Zanyar A. Ameen^3,*, Wafa Alagal⁴, Baravan A. Asaad^5,6

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.3, pp. 3493-3529, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.070019 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Urban transportation planning involves evaluating multiple conflicting criteria such as accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact, often under uncertainty and incomplete information. These complex decisions require input from various stakeholders, including planners, policymakers, engineers, and community representatives, whose opinions may differ or contradict. Traditional decision-making approaches struggle to effectively handle such bipolar and multivalued expert evaluations. To address these challenges, we propose a novel decision-making framework based on Pythagorean fuzzy N-bipolar soft expert sets. This model allows experts to express both positive and negative opinions on a multinary scale, capturing nuanced judgments with higher accuracy. It… More >

Faareh Ahmed¹, Babar Mansoor², Muhammad Awais Javed³, Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar^4,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.3, pp. 3783-3804, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.069430 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Vehicular networks enable seamless connectivity for exchanging emergency and infotainment content. However, retrieving infotainment data from remote servers often introduces high delays, degrading the Quality of Service (QoS). To overcome this, caching frequently requested content at fog-enabled Road Side Units (RSUs) reduces communication latency. Yet, the limited caching capacity of RSUs makes it impractical to store all contents with varying sizes and popularity. This research proposes an efficient content caching algorithm that adapts to dynamic vehicular demands on highways to maximize request satisfaction. The scheme is evaluated against Intelligent Content Caching (ICC) and Random Caching More >

Minseo Hong, Jea-Hyun Baek^*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.10, pp. 2699-2724, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.067487 - 26 September 2025

Abstract AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase that functions as a central regulator of cellular energy status. In cancer, where metabolic reprogramming enables rapid proliferation and survival under stress, AMPK functions as a metabolic checkpoint that restrains tumor growth by inhibiting biosynthetic pathways and promoting catabolic processes, such as autophagy and fatty acid oxidation. Given its role in opposing many hallmarks of cancer metabolism, AMPK has attracted significant interest as a therapeutic target. This review examines the molecular mechanisms by which AMPK influences tumor progression and evaluates the preclinical and clinical evidence… More >

Neha Raina¹, Radha Rani², Mahika Kanojia², Avril Mathias³, Keshav Raj Paudel^4,*, Ashish Garg⁵, Hardeep Singh Tuli⁶, A. T. M. Mijanur Rahman⁷, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan⁸, Madhu Gupta^2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.10, pp. 2787-2831, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.066624 - 26 September 2025

Abstract Breast cancer is among the most prevalent cancers in females globally and has the highest mortality rate. The emergence of pharmacologic resistance in breast cancer is a significant challenge for researchers in the pursuit of effective treatment. Investigations in cancer nanotechnology have been transformed by the advancement of smart polymers, lipids, and inorganic materials. Research is now being conducted in the field of innovative nano-pharmaceutical formulations aimed at enhancing the efficacy and durability of chemotherapy. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems are beneficial for combating breast cancer due to theranostic applications, augmented drug encapsulation, decreased degradation, and minimal… More >

Huayu Li^1,2, Xinxin Chen^1,2, Lizhuang Tan^3,4,*, Konstantin I. Kostromitin^5,6, Athanasios V. Vasilakos⁷, Peiying Zhang^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 4133-4153, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.069690 - 23 September 2025

Abstract To address the challenge of missing modal information in entity alignment and to mitigate information loss or bias arising from modal heterogeneity during fusion, while also capturing shared information across modalities, this paper proposes a Multi-modal Pre-synergistic Entity Alignment model based on Cross-modal Mutual Information Strategy Optimization (MPSEA). The model first employs independent encoders to process multi-modal features, including text, images, and numerical values. Next, a multi-modal pre-synergistic fusion mechanism integrates graph structural and visual modal features into the textual modality as preparatory information. This pre-fusion strategy enables unified perception of heterogeneous modalities at the More >

Weicong Tan^1,#, Qiwu Wu^2,3,#,*, Lingzhi Jiang¹, Tao Tong², Yunchen Su²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3621-3652, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068781 - 23 September 2025

Abstract This study introduces a novel algorithm known as the dung beetle optimization algorithm based on bounded reflection optimization and multi-strategy fusion (BFDBO), which is designed to tackle the complexities associated with multi-UAV collaborative trajectory planning in intricate battlefield environments. Initially, a collaborative planning cost function for the multi-UAV system is formulated, thereby converting the trajectory planning challenge into an optimization problem. Building on the foundational dung beetle optimization (DBO) algorithm, BFDBO incorporates three significant innovations: a boundary reflection mechanism, an adaptive mixed exploration strategy, and a dynamic multi-scale mutation strategy. These enhancements are intended to… More >

Asad Khan¹, Fathia Moh. Al Samman^2,*, Waqar Ul Hassan³, Mohammed M. A. Almazah⁴, A. Y. Al-Rezami⁵, Azmat Ullah Khan Niazi^3,*, Adnan Manzor⁶

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.144, No.2, pp. 1971-1999, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.068240 - 31 August 2025

Abstract This research paper tackles the complexities of achieving global fuzzy consensus in leader-follower systems in robotic systems, focusing on robust control systems against an advanced signal attack that integrates sensor and actuator disturbances within the dynamics of follower robots. Each follower robot has unknown dynamics and control inputs, which expose it to the risks of both sensor and actuator attacks. The leader robot, described by a second-order, time-varying nonlinear model, transmits its position, velocity, and acceleration information to follower robots through a wireless connection. To handle the complex setup and communication among robots in the… More > Graphic Abstract

Hui Lv^1,#, Yuer Yang^2,3,4,#, Yifeng Lin^2,3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.1, pp. 925-953, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.065709 - 29 August 2025

Abstract It is evident that complex optimization problems are becoming increasingly prominent, metaheuristic algorithms have demonstrated unique advantages in solving high-dimensional, nonlinear problems. However, the traditional Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) suffers from limited global search capability, insufficient population diversity, and slow convergence, which often leads to premature stagnation in local optima. Despite the proposal of various enhanced versions, the effective balancing of exploration and exploitation remains an unsolved challenge. To address the previously mentioned problems, this study proposes a multi-strategy collaborative improved SSA, which systematically integrates four complementary strategies: (1) the Northern Goshawk Optimization (NGO) mechanism… More >