
While disaster mental health outcomes are influenced by family systems, existing research typically focuses on individuals or dyads, lacking exploration of whole-family dynamics and community interactions over time. This mixed-methods study addressed this gap by examining 25 families (60 members) of employees affected by the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks. Quantitative data from structured diagnostic interviews revealed that although employees experienced high trauma exposure (with about one-fourth developing PTSD), this did not consistently translate directly to psychopathology in their spouses or children. Qualitative analysis of detailed personal narratives from four illustrative families identified distinct family coping patterns or archetypes. Findings suggest that family systems dynamics significantly shape how members support each other and cope with disaster, interacting complexly with outside community influences. This understanding can inform targeted psychosocial support strategies in disaster response based on specific family patterns.
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