The proliferation of decentralized multi-energy sources such as combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP), gas boilers, and heat pumps significantly increases the linkages between electricity, heat and gas distribution networks. In recent years, the importance of multi-vector network interaction has been growing in research and practical applications. These systems provide a higher level of flexibility to the decision-makers. The aim of this special issue is to pursue first-class research along this direction, focusing on the most recent investigations and studies the mathematical modeling and design of multi-vector energy systems, including developing deterministic and stochastic optimization methods, sensitivity analysis, and evaluating the different elements and structures of the multi-vector system on the optimization results.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Operation and planning of multi-vector energy systems.

• Implementing novel mathematical modeling for optimization of multi-vector energy systems.

• Developing strategies and control systems for the efficient performance of multi-vector energy systems.

• Technical evaluation of different structures and equipment of the system.

• Investigation on flexibility sources (demand response programs, energy storage systems, etc.) on the performance of multi-vector energy systems.