Open Access

ARTICLE

Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Irrigation System with Surveillance Camera

Moina-yndi Ibrahim¹, Warda Soulaimana², Zhenjie Zhao^3,*

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.8, pp. 67-86, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2026.078735 - 07 April 2026
Abstract The increasing demand for efficient agricultural water management, exacerbated by population growth and climate change, has spurred the development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart irrigation systems as an alternative to inefficient traditional methods that waste water and reduce crop productivity. This paper presents a low-cost IoT irrigation platform that integrates real-time camera surveillance for enhanced farm monitoring and precise water management. The system employs an Espressif System (ESP8266) microcontroller to automate irrigation control based on soil moisture readings and an Espressif System ESP32 Camera Module (ESP32-CAM) to provide live imaging of the agricultural plot,… More >

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63

Open Access

ARTICLE

Hybrid Encryption Model for Secure Token Distribution Scheme

Michael Juma Ayuma^1,*, Shem Mbandu Angolo^1,*, Philemon Nthenge Kasyoka²

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.8, pp. 31-65, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2026.074919 - 16 March 2026
Abstract Encryption is essential for safeguarding sensitive data by transforming it into a secret code, which can only be decrypted by authorized parties. This ensures privacy and protects data from unauthorized access. While various encryption algorithms exist, relying on a single method may not provide sufficient security, particularly in the context of token transmission. Common threats such as brute force attacks, man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, token modification, and replay attacks are prevalent in adversarial attempts to breach the security of tokens during transmission. When these vulnerabilities are not addressed, they can compromise token integrity and the security… More >

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247

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163

Open Access

ARTICLE

Multisecurity GAN-Steganography-Blockchain for IoT-Cloud Self-Service Banking

Mangala Natampalli^1,2,*, Kruthika Gottikere Channagangaiah³, Bodi Eswara Reddy¹, Rajkumar Buyya⁴, Venugopal Kupanna Rajuk³, Sundaraja Sitharama Iyengar⁵, Lalit Mohan Patnaik⁶

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.8, pp. 1-30, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2026.067726 - 24 February 2026
Abstract Contemporary banking focuses on self-service and customer-centric experience by harnessing Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing. However, these systems remain vulnerable to multifaceted cyberattacks. The IoT-Cloud-based systems can be safeguarded through authentication, confidentiality, integrity, availability, privacy, and non-repudiation. This work proposes a multi-stage security consisting of Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) for facial authentication, hybrid Curvelet and Least-Significant-Bit (LSB) Steganography for data protection, and Ethereum Blockchain for transactions and storage security to provide complete protection to the self-service pipeline. Customers are authenticated using live images from IoT cameras by GAN facial recognition. Improved data concealment… More >

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332

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224

Open Access

ARTICLE

Human Intelligent-Things Interaction Application Using 6G and Deep Edge Learning

Ftoon H. Kedwan^*, Mohammed Abdur Rahman

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.6, pp. 43-73, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2024.052325
Abstract Impressive advancements and novel techniques have been witnessed in AI-based Human Intelligent-Things Interaction (HITI) systems. Several technological breakthroughs have contributed to HITI, such as Internet of Things (IoT), deep and edge learning for deducing intelligence, and 6G for ultra-fast and ultralow-latency communication between cyber-physical HITI systems. However, human-AI teaming presents several challenges that are yet to be addressed, despite the many advancements that have been made towards human-AI teaming. Allowing human stakeholders to understand AI’s decision-making process is a novel challenge. Artificial Intelligence (AI) needs to adopt diversified human understandable features, such as ethics, non-biases,… More >

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1953

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3187

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ARTICLE

Mean Field-Based Dynamic Backoff Optimization for MIMO-Enabled Grant-Free NOMA in Massive IoT Networks

Haibo Wang¹, Hongwei Gao^1,*, Pai Jiang¹, Matthieu De Mari², Panzer Gu³, Yinsheng Liu¹

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.6, pp. 17-41, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2024.054791
Abstract In the 6G Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, unprecedented challenges will be raised to provide massive connectivity, ultra-low latency, and energy efficiency for ultra-dense IoT devices. To address these challenges, we explore the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based grant-free random access (GFRA) schemes in the cellular uplink to support massive IoT devices with high spectrum efficiency and low access latency. In particular, we focus on optimizing the backoff strategy of each device when transmitting time-sensitive data samples to a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-enabled base station subject to energy constraints. To cope with the dynamic varied channel… More >

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1684

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1183

Open Access

ARTICLE

Research on Robustness of Charging Station Networks under Multiple Recommended Charging Methods for Electric Vehicles

Lei Feng¹, Miao Liu¹, Yexun Yuan¹, Chi Zhang², Peng Geng^1,*

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.6, pp. 1-16, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2024.053584
Abstract With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the requirements for charging stations are getting higher and higher. In this study, we constructed a charging station topology network in Nanjing through the Space-L method, mapping charging stations as network nodes and constructing edges through road relationships. The experiment introduced five EV charging recommendation strategies (based on distance, number of fast charging piles, user preference, price, and overall rating) used to simulate disordered charging caused by different user preferences, and the impact of the network dynamic robustness in case of node failure is explored by simulating the… More >

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1672

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1547

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ARTICLE

Optimization of Machine Learning Methods for Intrusion Detection in IoT

Alireza Bahmani^*

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.7, pp. 1-17, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2025.060786
Abstract With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its widespread integration in various aspects of life, the risks associated with cyberattacks on these systems have increased significantly. Vulnerabilities in IoT devices, stemming from insecure designs and software weaknesses, have made attacks on them more complex and dangerous compared to traditional networks. Conventional intrusion detection systems are not fully capable of identifying and managing these risks in the IoT environment, making research and evaluation of suitable intrusion detection systems for IoT crucial. In this study, deep learning, multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF),… More >

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1282

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893

Open Access

REVIEW

Comprehensive Analysis of IoT Security: Threats, Detection Methods, and Defense Strategies

Akhila Reddy Yadulla, Mounica Yenugula, Vinay Kumar Kasula^*, Bhargavi Konda, Bala Yashwanth Reddy Thumma

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.7, pp. 19-48, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2025.062733
Abstract This study systematically reviews the Internet of Things (IoT) security research based on literature from prominent international cybersecurity conferences over the past five years, including ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ACM CCS), USENIX Security, Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS), and IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (IEEE S&P), along with other high-impact studies. It organizes and analyzes IoT security advancements through the lenses of threats, detection methods, and defense strategies. The foundational architecture of IoT systems is first outlined, followed by categorizing major threats into eight distinct types and analyzing their More >

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1254

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880

Open Access

ARTICLE

Cost and Time Optimization of Cloud Services in Arduino-Based Internet of Things Systems for Energy Applications

Reza Nadimi^1,*, Maryam Hashemi², Koji Tokimatsu³

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.7, pp. 49-69, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2025.070822
Abstract Existing Internet of Things (IoT) systems that rely on Amazon Web Services (AWS) often encounter inefficiencies in data retrieval and high operational costs, especially when using DynamoDB for large-scale sensor data. These limitations hinder the scalability and responsiveness of applications such as remote energy monitoring systems. This research focuses on designing and developing an Arduino-based IoT system aimed at optimizing data transmission costs by concentrating on these services. The proposed method employs AWS Lambda functions with Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) to facilitate the transmission of data collected from temperature and humidity sensors to the… More >

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761

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447

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REVIEW

Attribute-Based Encryption for IoT Environments—A Critical Survey

Daskshnamoorthy Manivannan^*

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.7, pp. 71-97, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2025.072809
Abstract Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) secures data by tying decryption rights to user attributes instead of identities, enabling fine-grained access control. However, many ABE schemes are unsuitable for Internet of Things (IoT) due to limited device resources. This paper critically surveys ABE schemes developed specifically for IoT over the past decade, examining their evolution, strengths, limitations, and access control capabilities. It provides insights into their security, effectiveness, and real-world applicability, highlights the current state of ABE in securing IoT data and access, and discusses remaining challenges and open issues. More >

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432

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376

Open Access

ARTICLE

Multisecurity GAN-Steganography-Blockchain for IoT-Cloud Self-Service Banking

Mangala Natampalli^1,2,*, Kruthika Gottikere Channagangaiah³, Bodi Eswara Reddy¹, Rajkumar Buyya⁴, Venugopal Kupanna Rajuk³, Sundaraja Sitharama Iyengar⁵, Lalit Mohan Patnaik⁶

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.8, pp. 1-30, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2026.067726
Abstract Contemporary banking focuses on self-service and customer-centric experience by harnessing Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing. However, these systems remain vulnerable to multifaceted cyberattacks. The IoT-Cloud-based systems can be safeguarded through authentication, confidentiality, integrity, availability, privacy, and non-repudiation. This work proposes a multi-stage security consisting of Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) for facial authentication, hybrid Curvelet and Least-Significant-Bit (LSB) Steganography for data protection, and Ethereum Blockchain for transactions and storage security to provide complete protection to the self-service pipeline. Customers are authenticated using live images from IoT cameras by GAN facial recognition. Improved data concealment… More >

View

332

Download

224

Open Access

ARTICLE

Hybrid Encryption Model for Secure Token Distribution Scheme

Michael Juma Ayuma^1,*, Shem Mbandu Angolo^1,*, Philemon Nthenge Kasyoka²

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.8, pp. 31-65, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2026.074919
Abstract Encryption is essential for safeguarding sensitive data by transforming it into a secret code, which can only be decrypted by authorized parties. This ensures privacy and protects data from unauthorized access. While various encryption algorithms exist, relying on a single method may not provide sufficient security, particularly in the context of token transmission. Common threats such as brute force attacks, man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, token modification, and replay attacks are prevalent in adversarial attempts to breach the security of tokens during transmission. When these vulnerabilities are not addressed, they can compromise token integrity and the security… More >

View

247

Download

163

Open Access

ARTICLE

Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Irrigation System with Surveillance Camera

Moina-yndi Ibrahim¹, Warda Soulaimana², Zhenjie Zhao^3,*

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.8, pp. 67-86, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2026.078735
Abstract The increasing demand for efficient agricultural water management, exacerbated by population growth and climate change, has spurred the development of Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart irrigation systems as an alternative to inefficient traditional methods that waste water and reduce crop productivity. This paper presents a low-cost IoT irrigation platform that integrates real-time camera surveillance for enhanced farm monitoring and precise water management. The system employs an Espressif System (ESP8266) microcontroller to automate irrigation control based on soil moisture readings and an Espressif System ESP32 Camera Module (ESP32-CAM) to provide live imaging of the agricultural plot,… More >

View

130

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63