Ghulam E Mustafa Abro^1,*, Ayman M Abdallah^1,2, Faizan Zahid³, Saleem Ahmed⁴

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.40, pp. 99-123, 2025, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2025.060364 - 23 January 2025

Abstract This review synthesises and assesses the most recent developments in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and swarm robotics, with a specific emphasis on optimisation strategies, path planning, and formation control. The study identifies key methodologies that are driving progress in the field by conducting a comprehensive analysis of seven critical publications. The following are included: sensor-based platforms that facilitate effective obstacle avoidance, cluster-based hierarchical path planning for efficient navigation, and adaptive hybrid controllers for dynamic environments. The review emphasises the substantial contribution of optimisation techniques, including Max-Min Ant Colony Optimisation (MMACO), to the improvement of convergence… More >

Muhammad Aliff Haiqal Darmawan¹, Shahrul Nizan Abd Mukti², Khairul Nizam Tahar^1,*

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 21-35, 2025, DOI:10.32604/rig.2024.057266 - 13 January 2025

Abstract Potholes are the most prevalent type of structural defect found on roads, caused by aging infrastructure, heavy rains, heavy traffic, thin or weak substructures, and other factors. Regular assessment of road conditions is essential for maintaining and improving road networks. Current techniques for identifying potholes on urban roadways primarily rely on public reporting, such as hotlines or social networking websites, which are both time-consuming and inefficient. This study aims to detect potholes using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) images, enabling accurate analysis of their size, shape, and location, thereby enhancing detection efficiency compared to conventional methods.… More >

Xinyu Liu^#, Longfei Wang^#, Yuxin Ma, Peng Shao^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.1, pp. 1349-1376, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.058294 - 03 January 2025

Abstract Stereoscopic agriculture, as an advanced method of agricultural production, poses new challenges for multi-task trajectory planning of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). To address the need for UAVs to perform multi-task trajectory planning in stereoscopic agriculture, a multi-task trajectory planning model and algorithm (IEP-AO) that synthesizes flight safety and flight efficiency is proposed. Based on the requirements of stereoscopic agricultural geomorphological features and operational characteristics, the multi-task trajectory planning model is ensured by constructing targeted constraints at five aspects, including the path, slope, altitude, corner, energy and obstacle threat, to improve the effectiveness of the trajectory… More >

Sofia Yousuf¹, Muhammad Bilal Kadri^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.1, pp. 1193-1210, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.054587 - 03 January 2025

Abstract Terrain Aided Navigation (TAN) technology has become increasingly important due to its effectiveness in environments where Global Positioning System (GPS) is unavailable. In recent years, TAN systems have been extensively researched for both aerial and underwater navigation applications. However, many TAN systems that rely on recursive Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) position estimation methods, such as Extended Kalman Filters (EKF), often face challenges with divergence and instability, particularly in highly non-linear systems. To address these issues, this paper proposes and investigates a hybrid two-stage TAN positioning system for UAVs that utilizes Particle Filter. To enhance the… More >

Yahia Said^1,*, Yahya Alassaf², Taoufik Saidani³, Refka Ghodhbani³, Olfa Ben Rhaiem⁴, Ali Ahmad Alalawi¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.3, pp. 4349-4370, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.058903 - 19 December 2024

Abstract The integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) holds transformative potential for real-time traffic monitoring, a critical component of emerging smart city infrastructure. UAVs offer unique advantages over stationary traffic cameras, including greater flexibility in monitoring large and dynamic urban areas. However, detecting small, densely packed vehicles in UAV imagery remains a significant challenge due to occlusion, variations in lighting, and the complexity of urban landscapes. Conventional models often struggle with these issues, leading to inaccurate detections and reduced performance in practical applications. To address these challenges, this paper introduces CFEMNet,… More >

Ting Chen¹, Shujiao Wang², Xin Fan^3,*, Xiujuan Zhang², Chuanwen Luo³, Yi Hong³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.3, pp. 3927-3950, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.056961 - 19 December 2024

Abstract This paper investigates an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted multi-object offloading scheme for blockchain-enabled Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems. Due to the presence of an eavesdropper (Eve), the system’s communication links may be insecure. This paper proposes deploying an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) on the UAV to enhance the communication performance of mobile vehicles, improve system flexibility, and alleviate eavesdropping on communication links. The links for uploading task data from vehicles to a base station (BS) are protected by IRS-assisted physical layer security (PLS). Upon receiving task data, the computing resources provided by the edge computing servers (MEC)… More >

Taha Yacine Trad^1,*, Kheireddine Choutri¹, Mohand Lagha¹, Souham Meshoul², Fouad Khenfri³, Raouf Fareh⁴, Hadil Shaiba⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.3, pp. 4757-4786, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.055634 - 19 December 2024

Abstract The popularity of quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) stems from their simple propulsion systems and structural design. However, their complex and nonlinear dynamic behavior presents a significant challenge for control, necessitating sophisticated algorithms to ensure stability and accuracy in flight. Various strategies have been explored by researchers and control engineers, with learning-based methods like reinforcement learning, deep learning, and neural networks showing promise in enhancing the robustness and adaptability of quadrotor control systems. This paper investigates a Reinforcement Learning (RL) approach for both high and low-level quadrotor control systems, focusing on attitude stabilization and position… More >

Linlin Zhang, Lvzhao Bai, Jianshu Liang, Zhiying Qin^*, Yuejing Zhao

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.48, No.6, pp. 1557-1579, 2024, DOI:10.32604/csse.2024.054237 - 22 November 2024

Abstract Quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in inspection, agriculture, express delivery, and other fields owing to their low cost and high flexibility. However, the current UAV control system has shortcomings such as poor control accuracy and weak anti-interference ability to a certain extent. To address the control problem of a four-rotor UAV, we propose a method to enhance the controller’s accuracy by considering underactuated dynamics, nonlinearities, and external disturbances. A mathematical model is constructed based on the flight principles of the quadrotor UAV. We develop a control algorithm that combines humanoid intelligence with… More >

Altaf Hussain¹, Shuaiyong Li², Tariq Hussain³, Razaz Waheeb Attar⁴, Farman Ali^5,*, Ahmed Alhomoud⁶, Babar Shah⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.2, pp. 2357-2394, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.056694 - 18 November 2024

Abstract Ad hoc networks offer promising applications due to their ease of use, installation, and deployment, as they do not require a centralized control entity. In these networks, nodes function as senders, receivers, and routers. One such network is the Flying Ad hoc Network (FANET), where nodes operate in three dimensions (3D) using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are remotely controlled. With the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), these nodes form an IoT-enabled network called the Internet of UAVs (IoU). However, the airborne nodes in FANET consume high energy due to their payloads and… More >

Zongdong Du^1,2, Xuefeng Feng³, Feng Li³, Qinglong Xian³, Zhenhong Jia^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.81, No.2, pp. 2607-2627, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.056616 - 18 November 2024

Abstract The importance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) obstacle avoidance algorithms lies in their ability to ensure flight safety and collision avoidance, thereby protecting people and property. We propose UAD-YOLOv8, a lightweight YOLOv8-based obstacle detection algorithm optimized for UAV obstacle avoidance. The algorithm enhances the detection capability for small and irregular obstacles by removing the P5 feature layer and introducing deformable convolution v2 (DCNv2) to optimize the cross stage partial bottleneck with 2 convolutions and fusion (C2f) module. Additionally, it reduces the model’s parameter count and computational load by constructing the unite ghost and depth-wise separable… More >