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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Hysteresis-Loop Criticality in Disordered Ferromagnets–A Comprehensive Review of Computational Techniques

    Djordje Spasojević1,*, Sanja Janićević2, Svetislav Mijatović1, Bosiljka Tadić3,4

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.2, pp. 1021-1107, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.057884 - 27 January 2025

    Abstract Disordered ferromagnets with a domain structure that exhibit a hysteresis loop when driven by the external magnetic field are essential materials for modern technological applications. Therefore, the understanding and potential for controlling the hysteresis phenomenon in these materials, especially concerning the disorder-induced critical behavior on the hysteresis loop, have attracted significant experimental, theoretical, and numerical research efforts. We review the challenges of the numerical modeling of physical phenomena behind the hysteresis loop critical behavior in disordered ferromagnetic systems related to the non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics of domain walls driven by external fields. Specifically, using the extended… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Evaluating the Potential of Birch Bark Suberinic Acids for Solid Wood Impregnation

    Daniela Godina1,*, Guntis Sosins1, Aigars Paze1, Janis Rizikovs1, Raimonds Makars1, Andreas Treu2

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 147-161, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056822 - 20 January 2025

    Abstract Instead of the traditional linear model of taking, making, and disposing, the circular bio-economy promotes a regenerative approach. Although there is potential to create valuable products like betulin, lupeol, and suberinic acids (SA) from outer birch bark, many industries, such as plywood and pulp, often choose to incinerate substantial amounts of leftover birch bark to meet their energy needs. This highlights the importance of obtaining valuable products from wood. The objective of this study was to examine various fractions of SA and assess their potential for wood impregnation. The fractions included SA potassium salts in… More > Graphic Abstract

    Evaluating the Potential of Birch Bark Suberinic Acids for Solid Wood Impregnation

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Kinked Rebar and Engineering Structures Applying Kinked Materials: State-of-the-Art Review

    Chengquan Wang1,2, Lei Xu3, Xinquan Wang1, Yun Zou3,*, Kangyu Wang4, Boyan Ping5, Xiao Li1

    Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 233-263, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.055096 - 15 January 2025

    Abstract Kinked rebar is a special type of steel material, which is installed in beam column nodes and frame beams. It effectively enhances the blast resilience, seismic collapse resistance, and progressive collapse resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures without imposing substantial cost burdens, thereby emerging as a focal point of recent research endeavors. On the basis of explaining the working principle of kinked rebars, this paper reviews the research status of kinked rebars at home and abroad from three core domains: the tensile mechanical properties of kinked rebars, beam column nodes with kinked rebars, and concrete… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Engendered nanoparticles for treatment of brain tumors

    SOROUSH SOLEYMANI1, MOHAMMAD DOROUDIAN2,*, MAHDIEH SOEZI3,4, ALI BELADI5, KIARASH ASGARI2, ASO MOBARAKSHAHI2, ARYANA AGHAEIPOUR2, RONAN MACLOUGHLIN6,7,8,*

    Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 15-26, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2024.053069 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors. Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis. One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system. The blood-brain barrier is cooperating with advanced stages of malignancy. The blood-brain barrier poses a significant challenge to delivering systemic medications to brain tumors. Nanodrug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for effectively crossing this barrier. Additionally, the development of smart nanoparticles brings new hope More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Semantic Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net (MU-Net) on Spine Magnetic Resonance Images

    Lakshmi S V V1, Shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam1,*, Sunil Retmin Raj Cyril2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.1, pp. 733-757, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.056424 - 17 December 2024

    Abstract Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people everywhere. Due to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues, including the spinal cord, nerves, intervertebral discs, and vertebrae, Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the spine. The semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar diseases. It is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Improvement of the Birch Outer Bark Plywood Binder: The Impact of the Bark Fractional Composition and the Binder Preparation Methodology

    Rūdolfs Bērziņš*, Aigars Pāže, Guntis Sosins, Daniela Godiņa, Laima Vēvere, Jānis Rižikovs

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.12, pp. 2095-2113, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056769 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Birch outer bark (BOB) from Betula pendula Roth. is a unique and valuable biomass feedstock that contains suberin. The biopolyester suberin is built from bifunctional fatty acids-suberinic acids (SA)-which can be obtained through a depolymerization process in an alkaline medium and used as a binder due to their adhesive properties. The aim of this study was to develop the SA-containing binder and identify suitable pressing conditions to produce plywood that meets the shear strength requirements of the EN 314-2 standard 3rd moisture resistance class for bonding quality, ensuring durability in unprotected exterior conditions (shear strength ≥… More > Graphic Abstract

    Improvement of the Birch Outer Bark Plywood Binder: The Impact of the Bark Fractional Composition and the Binder Preparation Methodology

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    Investigation of the Effects of Bone Material Modelling Strategies on the Biomechanics of the Thoracolumbar Spine Using Finite Element Method

    Ching-Chi Hsu1,*, Hsin-Hao Lin1, Kao-Shang Shih2

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 1-2, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.011792

    Abstract Decompression surgery is one of the useful methods to relieve the pressure on the spinal cord and nerves [1]. In computational simulation, various bone material modelling strategies have been used to model cortical bone and cancellous bone of spinal vertebrae [2,3]. However, the effects of the bone material modelling strategies on the biomechanics of the thoracolumbar spine are unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the biomechanics of the thoracolumbar spine with various bone modelling strategies using a patient-specific finite element modelling technique.
    Three-dimensional finite element models of the human thoracolumbar spine were developed from the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Assessment of Tolerance of Different Varieties of Hulless Barley Seedlings to Low-Temperature Stress

    Ziao Wang1,3,4,#, Likun An1,3,4,#, Yongmei Cui1,2,3,4, Yixiong Bai1,3,4, Guangping Du1, Kunlun Wu1,2,3,4,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.11, pp. 2755-2766, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.055852 - 30 November 2024

    Abstract In this study, we analyzed the agronomic and physiological indicators of the leaves and roots of 60 hulless barley varieties under low-temperature treatment, identified the crucial indicators that can reflect the ability of hulless barley to tolerate low-temperature, and evaluated the ability of different hulless barley varieties to tolerate low-temperature. The results indicated significant differences in the agronomic and physiological indicators of 60 hulless barley varieties subjected to low-temperature treatment. Most of the agronomic indicators significantly decreased, whereas most of the physiological indicators significantly increased. However, the magnitude of changes in each agronomic and physiological… More >

  • Open Access

    PROCEEDINGS

    High-Rate Multiaxial Behaviour of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo: An Experimental Study Using a Novel Tension-Torsion Hopkinson Bar Apparatus

    Yuan Xu1,*, Govind Gour2, Manuela Galati3, Abdollah Saboori3, Antonio Pellegrino4

    The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.31, No.2, pp. 1-1, 2024, DOI:10.32604/icces.2024.013220

    Abstract The dynamic behaviour of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo additively manufactured by electron beam melting (EBM) is presented in this study considering synchronised tension-torsion loading. A bespoke spilt Hopkinson Tension-Torsion bar is used to generate combined tensile and torsional stress pulses that interact simultaneously with a novel specimen geometry. High-speed digital imaging correlation techniques are employed to assess the high-rate deformation and crack propagation of the specimen. The material's dynamic response was analysed across a spectrum of stress states, including uniaxial tension, shear, and combinations of tension and shear at strain rates ranging between 500 s-1 and 2000 s-1. Comparable More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Oxyalkylation of Hydrophilic Black Alder Bark Extractives with Propylene Carbonate with a Focus on Green Polyols Synthesis

    Alexandr Arshanitsa*, Matiss Pals, Daniela Godina, Oskars Bikovens

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.11, pp. 1927-1948, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056466 - 22 November 2024

    Abstract The isolated hydrophilic black alder (Alnus glutinosa) bark extractives were characterized in terms of component and functional composition and converted at 150°C–170°C into liquid green polyols using solvent-free and low-toxic base-catalyzed modification with propylene carbonate (PC). FTIR spectroscopy, HP-LC, GC, GPC, and wet chemistry methods were used to characterize the starting constituents, intermediate and final products of the reaction and to monitor the different pathways of PC conversion. The reaction of extractives as well as the model compounds, including catechol, xylose, PEG 400, and benzoic acid, with PC indicated the ability of OH groups of different… More > Graphic Abstract

    The Oxyalkylation of Hydrophilic Black Alder Bark Extractives with Propylene Carbonate with a Focus on Green Polyols Synthesis

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