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The polarized autologous macrophages can be used as a tumor vaccine for preventing postoperative tumor recurrence. This scheme illustrates how autologous M1 macrophages  are prepared from the mice and then embedded into a sodium alginate gel to make an implantable tumor vaccine (M1@Gel). M1@Gel can repolarize tumor-associated macrophages and prevent the tumor recurrence in mice after the surgical tumor removal. Therefore, the implantation of autologous M1 macrophages might be a promising strategy for developing tumor vaccine.

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