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Open Access

ARTICLE

Improved Method for Evaluating the Tunnel Response Induced by Adjacent Surcharge

Xing Xu1, Guohui Feng2,*, Rui Wang3, Mingwang Tey4, Gang Wei2, Xiaozhen Fan2, Zhaorui Lin5
1 Hangzhou Zheda First Investigation and Design Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
3 North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
4 State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Department of Disaster Mitigation for Structures, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
5 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China
* Corresponding Author: Guohui Feng. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Health Monitoring of Transportation Infrastructure Structure)

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring https://doi.org/10.32604/sdhm.2026.084168

Received 17 April 2026; Accepted 19 May 2026; Published online 03 June 2026

Abstract

The imposition of surcharge loads adjacent to subsurface structures can precipitate significant alterations in the soil’s mechanical behavior, thereby jeopardizing the structural safety of nearby tunnels. In response to this challenge, an analytical solution has been developed to quantify the interaction between a tunnel and its surrounding soil under the influence of surcharge loads. Initially, the Boussinesq equation is employed to calculate the additional stresses imposed on an existing tunnel by adjacent surcharges. Subsequently, the system’s energy equation is formulated by integrating the dual-parameter Vlasov foundation model with considerations of the lateral soil impact on the tunnel. This solution facilitates the computation of the tunnel’s total energy using variational energy principles, leading to an analytical solution for the tunnel-soil interaction. Validation of this method against empirical data from Shanghai confirms its accuracy. A parametric analysis indicates that increasing the horizontal distance between the tunnel and the surcharge load progressively reduces both the tunnel’s settlement and bending moments. Additionally, augmented surcharge loads and tunnel diameters are associated with a nonlinear escalation in tunnel settlement and internal forces.

Keywords

Surcharge; underlying tunnel; Vlasov foundation; energy variation theory; lateral soil effect

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