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Open Access

ARTICLE

Mesh-Independent Water Pipe Cooling Method and Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium Effect in Mass Concrete Temperature Control Simulation

Linhui Gong1, Jie Wu2, Lei Shen2,*, Jinlong Wang3, Hao Yin4, Giovanni Di Luzio5, Maosen Cao6
1 School of Engineering, Nanjing Normal University Zhongbei College, Danyang, China
2 College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
3 Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
4 Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
5 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
6 College of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
* Corresponding Author: Lei Shen. Email: email

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring https://doi.org/10.32604/sdhm.2026.083844

Received 11 April 2026; Accepted 25 June 2026; Published online 29 July 2026

Abstract

Pipe cooling is a primary method for temperature control in mass concrete construction. The optimization of cooling pipe layout in practical engineering calls for the development of new simulation methods that combine computational accuracy with efficiency. This study presents a mesh-independent method for thermal analysis of pipe cooling in mass concrete structures. Two energy balance equations are established for the water pipe, modeled using lattice elements, and for the concrete, modeled with hexahedral solid elements. The local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) effect is captured through heat exchange between the two domains, facilitated by spatial topological mapping. Compared with experimental data and conventional simulations, the proposed method eliminates the need for remeshing the concrete domain when the pipe layout is altered, while maintaining a high level of computational accuracy and efficiency. The temperature difference caused by LTNE effect and daily pipe flow reversal significantly increases early-age cracking risk.

Keywords

Mass concrete; water pipe cooling; mesh independence; spatial topological mapping; local thermal non-equilibrium

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