Open Access
ARTICLE
Gui-lian He1,2, Jun Chen1, Zhong-yong Liu2, Zeng-guang Fan2, Ping Liu1,3,*
Congenital Heart Disease, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.067855
Abstract Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major cardiovascular disease linked to mental health, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to assess the causal relationships between genetically predicted anxiety, depression, their influencing factors, and CHF risk. Methods: A two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using genetic variants from large-scale GWAS as instrumental variables. Exposures included genetically predicted anxiety, depression, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), smoking, physical activity, education level, and socioeconomic factors (number in household, and number of vehicles in a household). Causal effects were assessed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, Simple… More >
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