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Open Access

ARTICLE

A Case Study of the Coupling Mechanism between Urban Site Conditions and High-Rise Building Response Revealed by Ambient Vibration Observations

Yangkai Ou, Boi-Yee Liao*
Department of Engineering, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
* Corresponding Author: Boi-Yee Liao. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Durability Assessment of Engineering Structures and Advanced Construction Technologies)

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring https://doi.org/10.32604/sdhm.2026.081608

Received 05 March 2026; Accepted 11 May 2026; Published online 06 July 2026

Abstract

Based on three-component (E–N–Z) ambient vibration observations, this study investigates the dynamic characteristics of shallow subsurface conditions and their influence on the seismic response of a high-rise building in a complex urban environment. Ambient vibration measurements were conducted to characterize site dynamic properties and to explore their relationship with structural vibration behavior. Frequency, amplification factor, and site vulnerability index were extracted using the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio method applied to ambient vibration records. An empirical relationship between the fundamental frequency and sedimentary layer thickness was established using ambient vibration observations and borehole investigation data, and the least-squares method was further applied to invert the spatial distribution of sediment thickness across the study area. The inversion results show good agreement with borehole measurements and exhibit relatively small errors, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed approach for estimating shallow subsurface structures under heterogeneous site conditions. Floor response spectra were further introduced to analyze the variation of structural seismic response along the building height, enabling an integrated interpretation of the coupling between shallow site conditions and floor-level vibration amplification. The results indicate that horizontal vibration amplification is most pronounced near the characteristic period of the design response spectrum, whereas vertical amplification is generally weaker and exhibits a more complex distribution pattern. This study reveals a frequency-mismatch-controlled site–structure interaction mechanism and proposes an integrated observational framework combining ambient vibration analysis and structural response characterization, providing new insights into seismic response assessment of high-rise buildings.

Keywords

Ambient vibration; H/V; floor response spectra; fundamental frequency; site–structure interaction; high-rise building

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