Huimin Zhao^1,#, Xiuran Wang^2,#, Zhimeng Fan³, Ai Sun⁴, Changhua Zhang^1,*, Chunhui Sun^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078825 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a significant global health burden, characterized by high incidence, poor prognosis, and limited response to monotherapies. The advent of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) has introduced a novel therapeutic paradigm, enabling dual targeting of tumor-associated antigens and immune effectors to enhance antitumor immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in bsAb-based immunotherapy across major GI malignancies, including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, biliary tract, esophageal, and liver cancers. We summarize key molecular targets and highlight representative clinical candidates such as CEA-TCB and RG7802. The discussion extends to innovative strategies involving BsAbs in… More > Graphic Abstract

Zehao Wei^1,#, Xuejian Liu^2,#, Zheng Zhang¹, Yimin Ma^2,*, Min Xu^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078793 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by difficulties in early diagnosis, limited therapeutic options, and generally poor patient prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapy has provided new opportunities for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, its clinical efficacy has been substantially constrained by the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune evasion mechanisms. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, AI has demonstrated great potential in the early detection of pancreatic cancer, prediction of immunotherapeutic responses, and design of personalized treatment strategies. This review systematically summarizes the latest advances in the More >

Alessandro Poggi^*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078483 - 16 June 2026

Abstract The production of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with defined specificity in 1975 marked the subsequent revolution of cancer therapy. mAbs have been essential to characterize the functional features of molecules involved in cancer cell growth and dissemination. The murine mAbs have been modified to create humanized antibodies and, subsequently, fully human antibodies for cancer therapy, thereby avoiding the side effects of xenogenic protein. The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) increased the antitumor effect of mAbs. We will analyze the functional features of ADCs that recognize the cluster differentiation (CD)30 receptor present on some lymphomas and the human… More >

Avetis Tsaturyan^1,2, Heghine Hakobyan¹, Kristina Hovsepyan¹, Anna Mkrtchyan^1,2, Tatevik Sargsyan^1,2,*, Raffaele Pastore³, Germano Guerra³, Giovanni N. Roviello^4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078405 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Cancer is regarded as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, despite the progress of traditional therapies. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are often accompanied by significant side effects and the development of drug resistance contributes to making the fight against cancer even more challenging, which clearly highlights the urgent need to develop new therapeutic molecular approaches. In this context, natural peptides were introduced into the pharmaceutical market in the last decade and have replenished the ranks of effective anticancer agents due to their structural diversity, biocompatibility, and ability to selectively target tumor cells. Natural… More >

Yang Wang^1,2, Ying Xie¹, Yiyi Ye¹, Youyang Shi¹, Feifei Li¹, Mengdie Zhu¹, Ciyi Hua¹, Yuan Xu¹, Rui Yang^1,3,*, Sheng Liu^1,4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078051 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast malignancy characterized by poor clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic options. The identification of reliable biomarkers for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic response remains an urgent clinical need. This study aimed to develop an integrative lactylation-related gene signature to simultaneously evaluate prognostic trajectories and immunotherapeutic sensitivity in TNBC. Methods Transcriptomic and clinical data from public TNBC cohorts were systematically analyzed. Lactylation-related gene signatures were used to stratify patients via consensus clustering. A scoring model was constructed based on differentially expressed genes between clusters, and its associations with… More >

Mi Rim Kim^1,#, Jason Lau^1,#, Michele Maffezzoli^2,#,*, Giuseppe Luigi Banna¹

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078000 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising strategy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but early-generation drugs were limited by suboptimal target selection, heterogeneous drug–antibody ratios, and linker instability, resulting in modest efficacy and relevant toxicities. We performed a narrative review based on a literature search of PubMed and major oncology congresses up to October 2025, with the aim to critically analyzing the evolving biomarker landscape and engineering strategies shaping next-generation ADC development in NSCLC. Emerging approaches to identify targets for ADCs and refine patient selection include digital pathology with artificial intelligence technologies, transcriptomic and proteomic… More >

Zhihao Yin^1,2,3,#, Xi Zhen^4,#, Haonan Li^1,2,3,#, Haiqiang Duan^1,2,3,#, Xiaowei Hu^5,#, Tianxi Yu¹, Qing Shi¹, Ziyi Liu¹, Yaowei Li¹, Peng Zhang¹, Peng Dai¹, Meihui Zhao⁶, Ziqi Wang^1,2,3,7,*, Changfu Li^2,*, Di Wang^1,*, Zhichao Tong^1,3,5,8,9,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077808 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Backgrounds: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are increasingly recognized as modulators of anti-tumor immunity, yet their clinical relevance in bladder cancer remains incompletely understood, partly owing to heterogeneity in their maturation states. Here, we demonstrate that germinal center (GC)–like TLS maturity, rather than TLS presence alone, is closely associated with immune activation and therapeutic response to Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in bladder cancer. The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the clinical significance, biological function, and therapeutic potential of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) maturation in bladder cancer. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether GC-like… More >

Lindokuhle M. Ngema¹, Samson A. Adeyemi^1,2,*, Yahya E. Choonara^1,3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077723 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Primary bone cancer is a relatively rare malignant tumor that manifests in the bone and affects the normal functioning of the bone tissue. Primary bone cancer can be characterized into three subtypes, which are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. Notably, the treatment of primary bone cancer with conventional modalities, like chemotherapy and surgical interventions, has been overwhelmed with dismal clinical outcomes. The conventional therapies are challenged with non-specificity, resulting in off-target effects and ultimate harm to healthy tissue. Particularly, chemotherapy as a first-line treatment option is riddled with poor drug bioavailability, limited tumor accumulation, and More >

Lorenzo Gasperoni^1,*, Luna Del Bono², Alberto Farolfi³, Andrea Messori^4,5, Vera Damuzzo^5,6

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077700 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are established maintenance treatments in ovarian cancer, but comparative efficacy across genetic profiles and relapse risk categories remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different PARPi as maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer across genetic profiles and relapse risk categories using reconstructed individual patient data (IPD) from randomized trials (RCTs). Methods: IPD were reconstructed using the IPDfromKM method from published Kaplan-Meier curves of RCTs stratified by clinical risk subgroup. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint. Three comparisons were performed: Breast Cancer gene (BRCA)+… More >

Gabriela R. Barbosa^1,2, Luciana S. B. Dal Col^3,4, Caroline C. Bighetto¹, Maria Carolina X. de Godoy¹, Marina D. B. P. Campioni⁴, Marcus V. Sadi^2,3, Alessandra Gambero^1,2, Leonardo O. Reis^1,2,4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075738 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Backgrounds: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the most effective adjuvant therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, the immunological underpinnings of its efficacy remain incompletely understood. This study aims to elucidate the dual immunomodulatory roles of BCG by integrating systemic and tumor-intrinsic analyses, through determining the systemic effects of BCG instillation on immune checkpoint expression and direct inflammatory response in a previously established in vitro tumor model. Methods: We investigated systemic and tumor-intrinsic immune responses to BCG. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate immune checkpoint expression on circulating lymphocyte subsets in NMIBC patients (n = 7) at various… More > Graphic Abstract