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Home / Journals / ENERGY / Online First / doi:10.32604/ee.2025.073971
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Optimal Control-Based Small Signal Stability Analysis of Power System Incorporating Flexible AC Transmission System and Electric Vehicle Load

Naveen Guguloth1, Bishwajit Dey2, Fausto Pedro García Márquez3,*, Prasenjit Dey1, Isaac Segovia Ramírez4
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, NIT Sikkim, Sikkim, 737139, India
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
3 Ingenium Research Group, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
4 Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
* Corresponding Author: Fausto Pedro García Márquez. Email: email
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advanced Analytics on Energy Systems)

Energy Engineering https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2025.073971

Received 29 September 2025; Accepted 28 November 2025; Published online 23 January 2026

Abstract

The increasing integration of electric vehicle (EV) loads into power systems necessitates understanding their impact on stability. Small-magnitude perturbations, if persistent, can cause low-frequency oscillations, leading to synchronism loss and mechanical stress. This work analyzes the effect of voltage-dependent EV loads on this small-signal stability. The study models an EV load within a Single-Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system. It specifically evaluates the influence of EV charging through the DC link capacitor of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), a key device for damping oscillations. The system’s performance is compared to a modified version equipped with both a UPFC and a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller. Results confirm the significant influence of EV charging on the power network. The analysis demonstrates that the best performance is achieved with the SMIB system utilizing the combined UPFC and LQR controller. This configuration effectively dampens low-frequency oscillations, yielding superior results by reducing the system’s rise time, settling time, and peak overshoot.

Keywords

Power system; SMIB; LQR; EV; small signal stability; UPFC

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